A Review on Bioremediation and Detection of Heavy Metal Pollution by Synthetic Biological Engineered Microorganisms and Biofilms

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2011025

China Biotechnology

2021, Vol. 41

Issue (1): 62-71 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2011025

A Review on Bioremediation and Detection of Heavy Metal Pollution by Synthetic Biological Engineered Microorganisms and Biofilms

CHANG Lu¹,HUANG Jiao-fang^1,^2,^**(

),DONG Hao¹,ZHOU Bin-hui³,ZHU Xiao-juan¹,ZHUANG Ying-ping^1,^**(

)

1 State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
2 School of Physical Science and Technology (SPST), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
3 Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment Law Enforcement Corps, Shanghai 200235, China

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Abstract

With the development of industrialization, heavy metal pollution has become a severe environmental hazard, in particular its pollution to water systems and consequently endangering human health, making its remediation an urgent issue. Compared with traditional physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation is green and sustainable. Microorganisms and microbial biofilms play an important role in bioremediation due to their rapid growth, intrinsic nature for dynamic adaption to environments and consequent tolerance to environmental stresses. Synthetic biology has provided a methodology for engineering and reprograming microorganisms and biofilms with robustness for more efficient degradation of environmental pollutants including heavy metals. This review summarizes the current status of heavy metal pollution, the bioremediation mechanism and research progress of microbial remediation, with a focus on the development of functional biofilms engineered by synthetic biology and their applications in bioremediation for heavy metal Pb, Hg, Cd and others. At the end, this review highlights the perspectives for bioremediation of heavy metal pollution.

Key words： Heavy metal pollution Bioremediation Synthetic biology Microorganisms Biofilms

Received: 12 November 2020 Published: 09 February 2021

ZTFLH:

Q819

Corresponding Authors: Jiao-fang HUANG,Ying-ping ZHUANG E-mail: huangjf@ecust.edu.cn;ypzhuang@ecust.edu.cn

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	CHANG Lu
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	ZHUANG Ying-ping

Cite this article:

CHANG Lu, HUANG Jiao-fang, DONG Hao, ZHOU Bin-hui, ZHU Xiao-juan, ZHUANG Ying-ping. A Review on Bioremediation and Detection of Heavy Metal Pollution by Synthetic Biological Engineered Microorganisms and Biofilms. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(1): 62-71.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2011025 OR https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2021/V41/I1/62

Fig.1 Heavy metals have harmful effects on humans through many ways

Fig.2 The application of synthetic biologically modified microorganisms in the detection and remediation of heavy metal pollution (a) Pseudomonas putida X4 (PczcR3-GFP) with zinc specific biosensor function (b) The response of engineered yeast cells to copper ions (c) The response of engineered Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cadmium ions (d) Structure of the lead inductive RFP expression plasmid in E. coli^[59] (e) Schematic illustration for the simultaneous remediation and detection of Hg²⁺ by carboxylesterase E2 surface-display system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1^[60]

Fig.3 Functional characterization of engineered B. subtilis biofilms ^[75] (a) Confocal microscopic image of TasA-mCherry biofilm (b) Biodegradation of organophosphate pesticides through a two-step biocatalytic cascade reaction using co-cultured strains for biofilms of TasA-OPH and TasA-HisTag

Fig.4 Research progress of synthetic biology modified microbial biofilm in remediation of heavy metal pollution (a) The presence of EPS can significantly enhance the adsorption of copper ions (b) E. coli biofilms engineered through synthetic biology for mercury bioremediation^[13] (c) Effect of sulfhydryl binding sites on binding and detoxification of toxic metals in EPS


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