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| CRISPR/Cas9 System:A Recent Progress |
| LI Xiao-fei, CAO Ying-xiu, SONG Hao |
| School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China |
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Abstract The development of CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized our ability to edit DNA and to modulate expression levels of target genes, thus providing powerful tools to accelerate the precise genome engineering of a wide range of organisms. The developed CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of the Cas9 protein and a programmed sgRNA. The Cas9 protein binds to the Cas9 handle of sgRNA and forms a Cas9-sgRNA complex. Then, the Cas9-sgRNA complex binds to specific DNA targets by Watson-Crick base pairing between the sgRNA and the DNA target, and the DNA will be cleaved due to the nuclease activity of the Cas9 protein. Compared with the traditional genome editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas9 system has several obvious advantages, inculding ease of use, simplicity, low cost, programmed and multiple genes editing. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and the derived CRISPRi and CRISPRa gene expression regulation techniques have been widely used in a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Here, the origin and mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 system, its application in organisms and its derived technology were reviewed, and its off-target effect and future prospects were outlined.
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Received: 12 May 2017
Published: 25 October 2017
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