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| Research Progress on the Cyanobacterial Photosynthetic Production of Sugars Utilizing Carbon Dioxide |
Xue-xia ZENG1,2,3,Yu DAN1,2,3,Shao-ming MAO1,2,**( ),Jia-hui SUN3,4,5,Guo-dong LUAN3,4,5,**(),Xue-feng LV3,4,5 |
1. College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
3. Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
4. Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
5. Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China |
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Abstract Sugar substances are widely used in the fields of food, medicine, daily chemical and fermentation, and are of great significance to human health and social development. For a long time, the production of sugar substances has been practically based on the collection and planting-harvesting of plant biomass. Solar energy and carbon dioxide would be fixed in plant photosynthesis process, and stored in the form of sugars (starch, cellulose, and sucrose) in biomass. The bulk sugar feedstock would be extracted from plant biomass, and then be utilized for generation of other sugar products through multiple steps of conversion, refinery, and purification. The dependence on the plant sourced biomass of current sugar production technology leads to the unavoidable risks and drawbacks of long cultivation term, climate & location constraints, and high pre-treatment costs. The development of novel technologies for sugar production is conducive to removing the bottlenecks faced by the traditional modes derived from plant biomass harvesting-refining industry. Cyanobacteria are an important group of photoautotrophic prokaryotic microorganisms and are also supposed to be promising microbial photosynthetic platforms. The development of cyanobacterial synthetic biotechnology has facilitated the direct conversion of carbon dioxide into dozens of natural and non-natural metabolites, of which sugars are a representative group. Cyanobacterial photosynthetic production of sugars is expected to realize the one-step conversion of carbon dioxide into specific sugar products and to refresh the paradigm of current sugar production technology. Sugar metabolites play important roles in the natural photosynthetic metabolic network of cyanobacteria, especially that the operations of several important physiological modules such as the Calvin cycle, glycogen metabolism, and compatible substance metabolism, are mainly promoted by the conversion and metabolism of multiple sugars and sugar-derived metabolites. Although some progress has been made in the synthesis of special sugar substances using natural cyanobacterial resources, such as the successful development and industrial application of the technology of Spirulina large-cultivation based glycerol glucosides production, there are still many challenges in the development and application of this mode. In recent years, the development of synthetic biotechnology has been providing new driving forces for remodeling and expanding the cyanobacterial photosynthetic sugar metabolism networks. Through specific transporter engineering, secretory production of some important sugar products, e.g. sucrose and trehalose, has been achieved, and it significantly relieved the metabolic stress from intracellular storage and increased the product titers. In addition, the sugar secretions would facilitate the development of derived technologies such as in situ separation and extraction of products as well as construction of artificial photosynthesis driven consortium. In combination with metabolic engineering strategies from multiple levels and steps, the production efficiency of cyanobacterial sugars would be significantly enhanced, photosynthetic production of novel sugar products would be achieved, and the updating of the sugar production routes could be expected. This review systematically summarized the progress and challenges in developing and utilizing cyanobacterial photosynthetic sugar production technologies, and discussed the future development prospects and research directions.
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Received: 31 March 2022
Published: 03 August 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
Shao-ming MAO,Guo-dong LUAN
E-mail: msm526@163.com;luangd@qibebt.ac.cn
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