中国生物工程杂志

The nanobodies existing in the sera of camels and sharks have different structural characteristics and molecular weight from traditional monoclonal antibodies, as well as such characteristics as high specificity, high physicochemical stability and tissue permeability, which show great application potential and are considered to be promising therapeutic proteins in the development of biomedicine. Microorganisms are used to produce expression nanobodies without post-translational modification, which can be produced in large quantities and significantly reduce production costs. At present, the conventional expression systems for producing nanobodies are mainly Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, and mammalian cell lines, as well as fungi, plant cells, insect cells and lactobacillus expression systems. E. coli has the advantages of fast growth, high yield, easy culture and cost effectiveness. Pichia pastoris has high expression efficiency, can be cultured in high density, and uses methanol as the only carbon source to reduce pollution. Mammalian cells can adapt to serum-free suspension culture. On this basis, the research progress of characteristics, advantages and applications of different expression systems is reviewed, the urgent problems of each system are analyzed, and the production, research and development of therapeutic nanobody drugs and clinical disease treatment applications are summarized, in order to provide reference for the selection of appropriate expression systems for the production of therapeutic nanobodies and their applications in clinical treatment.