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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (7): 114-121    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2212031
综述     
仿生纳米载药体系的制备及在疾病治疗中的应用*
刘霖颖1,**(),沈洁2,陈亮1,张虎成1,赵新颖1
1 北京电子科技职业学院生物工程学院 北京 100176
2 中国科学院过程工程研究所 生化工程国家重点实验室 北京 100190
Biomimetic Nanomedicine Delivery System Preparation and Disease Therapy Application
Lin-ying LIU1,**(),Jie SHEN2,Liang CHEN1,Hu-cheng ZHANG1,Xin-ying ZHAO1
1 College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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摘要：

纳米载药体系由于具有特殊的理化性质而被广泛应用于疾病治疗。然而,传统的合成纳米颗粒无法跨越天然屏障,且难以逃避免疫监视,因此在临床应用中副作用较大。仿生纳米颗粒由天然材料改造或以化学方法模仿生物结构的关键特征制备获得,在化学、物理或形态学上与生物学结构具有相似性,因此在惰性排斥、克服屏障和活性作用三方面表现出优异的智能化递送性能,可用于更加高效安全的药物递送。总结仿生纳米颗粒用于药物递送的设计原理,阐述四类仿生纳米载药体系的制备方法,归纳其应用于罕见病、神经退行性疾病、肿瘤、抗病毒疫苗研发和其他靶向治疗等领域的研究进展,并对该领域研究面临的应用挑战、潜在解决方案和未来研究方向进行展望。
关键词： 仿生;  纳米颗粒;  药物递送;  疾病治疗;  生物材料    
Abstract:

Nanodrug delivery systems are widely used in disease treatment due to their special physical and chemical properties. However, the traditional synthetic nanoparticles cannot cross the natural barrier, and it is difficult to escape immune surveillance, so they are not effective in clinical applications. Biomimetic nanoparticles are obtained by modification of natural materials or by chemical methods imitating the key characteristics of biological structures. They are similar to biologically related structures in chemistry, physics or morphology. Therefore, they exhibit excellent intelligent delivery performance in inert rejection, barrier overcoming and active effects, and can be used for more efficient and safe drug delivery. Biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems are divided into four categories: nano-drug delivery systems designed based on natural biological macromolecules, drug delivery systems related to cells and cell membranes, drug delivery systems of extracellular vesicles such as extracellular secretions, and nano drug delivery systems mimicking biological structures. The design principle of biomimetic nanoparticles used for drug delivery is summarized, the preparation methods of four kinds of biomimetic nanoparticle drug delivery systems are elaborated, the research progress of their application in rare diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, antiviral vaccine research and development and other targeted therapies is summarized, and the clinical application challenges, potential solutions and future research directions in this field are also discussed.
Key words: Biomimetic    Nanoparticle    Drug delivery    Disease treatment    Biomaterial
收稿日期: 2022-12-23 出版日期: 2023-08-03
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: 北京市教育委员会科学研究计划(KM202210858001)
通讯作者: **电子信箱:llyspo@163.com   
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刘霖颖
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引用本文:

刘霖颖, 沈洁, 陈亮, 张虎成, 赵新颖. 仿生纳米载药体系的制备及在疾病治疗中的应用*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2023, 43(7): 114-121.

Lin-ying LIU, Jie SHEN, Liang CHEN, Hu-cheng ZHANG, Xin-ying ZHAO. Biomimetic Nanomedicine Delivery System Preparation and Disease Therapy Application. China Biotechnology, 2023, 43(7): 114-121.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2212031    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2023/V43/I7/114

图1  仿生纳米颗粒设计的基本单元
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