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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2019, Vol. 39 Issue (12): 73-82    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20191210
综述     
趋磁细菌多样性与应用研究进展 *
方元1,2,3,4,**(),张同伟1,2,3,曹长乾1,2,3,田杰生5,林巍1,2,3
1 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 中国科学院地球与行星物理重点实验室 北京 100029
2 中国科学院地球科学研究院 北京 100029
3 中国科学院中-法趋磁多细胞生物进化与发育联合实验室 北京 100029
4 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院 北京 100049 5 中国农业大学生物学院 北京 100193
Diversity and Applications of Magnetotactic Bacteria
FANG Yuan1,2,3,4,**(),ZHANG Tong-wei1,2,3,CAO Chang-qian1,2,3,TIAN Jie-sheng5,LIN Wei1,2,3
1 Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2 Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
3 France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
4 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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摘要：

趋磁细菌是一类可以沿磁场方向进行运动的微生物统称,在细胞内合成由生物膜包被、链状排列、纳米级、单磁畴的磁铁矿 (Fe3O4) 或胶黄铁矿 (Fe3S4) 的磁小体颗粒。趋磁细菌在自然界分布广泛且多样性丰富,不仅在水环境和沉积环境的铁、硫、碳、氮、磷等元素生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用,而且在污染治理、疾病诊断和治疗等方面有较好的应用。趋磁细菌磁小体由生物膜包被并在细胞调控下合成,是一类新型的生物源磁性纳米材料。相比常规化学合成的磁性纳米颗粒,磁小体具有大小均一、生物相容性高、兼具化学修饰和基因工程修饰功能等特点,在磁性分离、固定化酶、食品检测、环境监测、医学诊断、磁共振成像、磁热疗和靶向治疗等方面具有广阔的应用前景。在介绍趋磁细菌多样性研究的基础上,综述了趋磁细菌和磁小体的制备、修饰及其应用的最新进展,并对未来的研究进行了展望。
关键词： 趋磁细菌;  磁小体;  多样性;  铁磁性纳米颗粒    
Abstract:

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) form intracellular membrane-bounded, nano-sized magnetic iron mineral crystals of either magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) called magnetosomes. These magnetic crystals render MTB cells able to navigate in chemically stratified environments by swimming along the Earth’s magnetic field. MTB are morphologically, physiologically and phylogenetically diverse and are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Cells of MTB and their magnetosome nanoparticles have various novel physical and biological properties that can be exploited in a variety of applications. Here we review the current knowledge on the diversity of MTB and summarize the most recent contributions to the field of applications of MTB cells and magnetosome crystals.
Key words: Magnetotactic bacteria    Magnetosomes    Diversity    Iron oxide nanoparticles
收稿日期: 2019-04-13 出版日期: 2020-01-15
ZTFLH:  Q93  
基金资助: * 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2015050)
通讯作者: 方元     E-mail: fangyuan0806@gmail.com
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引用本文:

方元,张同伟,曹长乾,田杰生,林巍. 趋磁细菌多样性与应用研究进展 *[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2019, 39(12): 73-82.

FANG Yuan,ZHANG Tong-wei,CAO Chang-qian,TIAN Jie-sheng,LIN Wei. Diversity and Applications of Magnetotactic Bacteria. China Biotechnology, 2019, 39(12): 73-82.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20191210    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2019/V39/I12/73

图1  代表性趋磁细菌及磁小体的透射电子显微照片
菌 株 分类地位 分离环境 磁小体 参考文献
Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum strain MS-1 α-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [13]
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 α-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [14]
Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 α-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [36]
Magneticvibrio blakemorei strain MV-1 α-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [37]
Magnetospira thiophila strain MMS-1 α-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [38]
Magnetospirillum sp. XM-1 α-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [39]
Magnetospira sp. QH-2 α-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [40]
Ca. Terasakiella magnetica strain PR-1 α-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [17]
Desulfovibrio magneticus strain RS-1 δ-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [18]
Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1 δ-变形菌纲 咸 水 Fe3O4、Fe3S4 [19]
Gamma proteobacterium strain BW-2 γ-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [24]
Gamma proteobacterium strain SS-5 γ-变形菌纲 淡 水 Fe3O4 [24]
Magnetococcus marinus strain MC-1 η-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [41]
“Candidatus Magnetococcus massalia” η-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [42]
Magnetofaba australis strain IT-1 η-变形菌纲 海 洋 Fe3O4 [43]
表1  代表性纯培养趋磁细菌
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