|
|
Review and Evaluation of Microalgal Components Determination Methods |
MENG Ying-ying1,2, YAO Chang-hong1, LIU Jiao1,3, SHEN Pei-li1,3, XUE Song1, YANG Qing2 |
1. Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; 2. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100084, China |
|
|
Abstract Microalgae have been attracted as one of the potential sustainable bioresoucre due to their high photosynthetic efficiency, shorter growth cycle and enrichment of lipids, protein, carbohydrate, carotenoid and so on. Microalgae have high oil yield per unit area compared with other oilseed crops. In recent years, microalgae have been extensively investigated for biodiesel technology and CO2 emission reduction simultaneously. In addition, microalgae rich in a variety of high-value bioactive substances and have been widely applied in food, medicine and feed fields. The microalgal industry and corresponding research call the standard methods to evaluate the cultivated biomass from aspects. It have been reviewed that the methods to examine the most interested components in quantification and quality prevail in order to promote the standardization for analysis of microalgal components in microalgal field.
|
Received: 29 January 2017
Published: 25 July 2017
|
|
|
|
[1] Hu Q, Sommerfeld M, Jarvis E, et al. Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances. Plant Journal, 2008, 54(4): 621-639. [2] Chen C Y, Zhao X Q, Yen H W, et al. Microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 78: 1-10. [3] Zhang W, Wang J, Wang J, Liu T. Attached cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin production. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 158: 329-335. [4] Del Campo J A, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Guerrero M G. Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: current state and perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007, 74(6): 1163-1174. [5] Meng Y Y, Jiang J P, Wang H T, et al. The characteristics of TAG and EPA accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 under different nitrogen supply regimes. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 179: 483-489. [6] Yao C H, Ai J N, Cao X P, et al. Enhancing starch production of a marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis through nutrient limitation. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 118: 438-444. [7] Yao C H, Pan Y F, Lu H B, et al. Utilization of recovered nitrogen from hydrothermal carbonization process by Arthrospira platensis. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 212: 26-34. [8] Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E,et al. Commercial applications of microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2006, 101(2): 87-96. [9] Lorenz R T, Cysewski G R. Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin. Trends in Biotechnology, 2000, 18(4): 160-167. [10] Singh S, Kate B N, Banerjee U C. Bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and microalgae: An overview. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2005, 25(3): 73-95. [11] Ward O P, Singh A. Omega-3/6 fatty acids: Alternative sources of production. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(12): 3627-3652. [12] Kay R A. Microalgae as food and supplement. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1991, 30(6): 555-573. [13] Becker E W. Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnology Advances, 2007, 25(2): 207-210. [14] Folch J, Lees M and Stanley G H S. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1957, 226(1): 497-509. [15] Bligh E G and Dyer W J. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 1959, 37(8): 911-917. [16] Fuchs B, Süβ R, Teuber K, et al. Lipid analysis by thin-layer chromatography-A review of the current state. Journal of Chromatography A, 2011, 1218(19): 2754-2774. [17] Liu J, Liu Y, Wang H, et al. Direct transesterification of fresh microalgal cells. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 176: 284-287. [18] Wang H, Yao C, Liu Y, et al. Identification of fatty acid biomarkers for quantification of neutral lipids in marine microalgae Isochrysis zhangjiangensis. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015, 27(1): 249-255. [19] Chen W, Zhang C, Song L, et al. A high throughput Nile red method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2009, 77(1): 41-47. [20] 王海涛, 刘亚男, 曹旭鹏, 等. 尼罗红荧光法快速检测培养过程中湛江等鞭金藻的中性脂. 生物加工过程, 2014, 12(6): 78-83. Wang H T, Liu Y N, Cao X P, et al. Nile red fluorescence method for rapid measurement of neutral lipids during the cultivation of the marine microalgae Isochrysis zhangjiangensis. Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering, 2014, 12(6): 78-83. [21] Wu S, Zhang B, Huang A, et al. Detection of intracellular neutral lipid content in the marine microalgae Prorocentrum micans and Phaeodactylum tricornutum using Nile red and BODIPY 505/515. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2014, 26(4): 1659-1668. [22] Rumin J, Bonnefound H, Saint-Jean B, et al. The use of fluorescent Nile red and BODIPY for lipid measurement in microalgae. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8: 42. [23] 孟迎迎, 王海涛, 薛松, 等. 高效薄层色谱测定湛江等鞭金藻培养过程脂质变化. 微生物学通报, 2014, 41(1): 178-183. Meng Y Y, Wang H T, Xue S, et al. Lipids analysis of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis during cultivation process by HPTLC. Microbiology China, 2014, 41(1): 178-183. [24] Shen P, Wang H, Pan Y, et al. Identification of characteristic fatty acids to quantify triacylglycerols in microalgae. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, 7: 162. [25] Liu J, Chu Y, Cao X, et al. Rapid transesterification of micro-amount of lipids from microalgae via a micro-mixer reactor. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2015, 8: 229. [26] Lin J T. HPLC separation of acyl lipid classes. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2007, 30: 2005-2020. [27] Zhu Z, Dane A, Spijksma G, et al, An efficient hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation of 7 phospholipid classes based on a diol column. Journal of Chromatography A, 2012, 1220: 26-34. [28] Anesi A, Guella G. A fast liquid chromatography-mass Spectrometry methodology for membrane lipid profiling through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 2015, 1384: 44-52. [29] Kobayashi N, Noel A E, Barnes A, et al. Rapid detection and quantification of triacylglycerol by HPLC-ELSD in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella Strains. Lipids, 2013, 48(10): 1035-1049. [30] Lísa M, Cífková E, Hol apek M. Lipidomic profiling of biological tissues using off-line two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 2011, 1218(31): 5146-5156. [31] Li M, Baughman E, Roth M R, et al. Quantitative profiling and pattern analysis of triacylglycerol species in Arabidopsis seeds by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The Plant Journal, 2014, 77(1): 160-172. [32] Vu S H, Shiva S, Roth M R, et al. Lipid changes after leaf wounding in Arabidopsis thaliana: expanded lipidomic data form the basis for lipid co-occurrence analysis. Plant Journal, 2014, 80(4): 728-743. [33] Danielewicz M A, Anderson L A and Franz A K. Triacylglycerol profiling of microalgae strains for biofuel feedstock by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2011, 401(8): 2609-2616. [34] Ritchie R J, Consistent sets of spectrophotometric chlorophyll equations for acetone, Methanol and Ethanol Solvents. Photosynthesis Research, 2006, 89(1): 27-41. [35] Ritchie R J, Universal chlorophyll equations for estimating chlorophylls a, b, c, and d and total chlorophylls in natural assemblages of photosynthetic organisms using acetone, methanol, or ethanol solvents. Photosynthetica, 2008, 46(1): 115-126. [36] Ördög V, Stirk W A, Bálint P, et al. Changes in lipid, protein and pigment concentrations in nitrogen-stressed Chlorella minutissima cultures. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2012, 24(4): 907-914. [37] Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Costa H S. Analysis of carotenoids in vegetable and plasma samples: A review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2006, 19(2-3): 97-111. [38] Van Heukelem L, Thomas C S. Computer-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography method development with applications to the isolation and analysis of phytoplankton pigments. Journal of Chromatography A, 2001, 910(1): 31-49. [39] Guaratini T, Cardozo K H M, Pintoc E, et al. Comparison of diode array and electrochemical detection in the C-30 reverse phase HPLC analysis of algae carotenoids. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2009, 20(9): 1609-1616. [40] Boussiba S and Vonshak A. Astaxanthin accumulation in the green-alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Plant and Cell Physiology, 1991, 32(7): 1077-1082. [41] Holtin K, Kuehnle M, Rehbein J, et al. Determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis by LC-(APCI)MS and characterization of predominant carotenoid isomers by NMR spectroscopy. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2009, 395(6): 1613-1622. [42] Chen G, Wang B, Han D, et al. Molecular mechanisms of the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). The Plant Journal, 2015, 81(1): 95-107. [43] Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 1956, 28(3): 350-356. [44] Yemm E, Willis A. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochemical Journal, 1954, 57(3): 508. [45] Laurens L M, Dempster T A, Jones H D, et al. Algal biomass constituent analysis: method uncertainties and investigation of the underlying measuring chemistries. Analytical Chemistry, 2012, 84(4): 1879-1887. [46] Blakeney A B, Harris P J, Henry R J, et al. A simple and rapid preparation of alditol acetates for monosaccharide analysis. Carbohydrate Research, 1983, 113(2): 291-299. [47] Templeton D W, Quinn M, Van Wychen S, et al. Separation and quantification of microalgal carbohydrates. Journal of Chromatography A, 2012, 1270: 225-234. [48] Honda S, Akao E, Suzuki S,et al. High-performance liquid chromatography of reducing carbohydrates as strongly ultraviolet-absorbing and electrochemically sensitive 1-phenyl-3-methyl5-pyrazolone derivatives. Analytical Biochemistry, 1989, 180(2): 351-357. [49] Dvo á ková E, Šnóblová M and Hrdli ka P. Carbohydrate analysis: From sample preparation to HPLC on different stationary phases coupled with evaporative light - scattering detection. Journal of Separation Science, 2014, 37(4): 323-337. [50] Busi M V, Barchiesi J, Mart N M, et al. Starch metabolism in green algae. Starch-Stärke, 2014, 66(1-2): 28-40. [51] Ball S G. The intricate pathway of starch biosynthesis and degradation in the monocellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2002, 55(2): 49-59. [52] Rose R, Rose C L, Omi S K, et al. Starch determination by perchloric acid vs enzymes: evaluating the accuracy and precision of six colorimetric methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1991, 39(1): 2-11. [53] Brányiková I, MaršLkov B, Doucha J et al. Microalgae-novel highly efficient starch producers. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2011, 108(4): 766-776. [54] Smith A M, Zeeman S C. Quantification of starch in plant tissues. Nature Protocols, 2006, 1(3): 1342-1345. [55] Rausch T. The estimation of micro-algal protein content and its meaning to the evaluation of algal biomass I. Comparison of methods for extracting protein. Hydrobiologia, 1981, 78(3): 237-251. [56] Lowry O H, Rosebrough N J, Farr A L, et al. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1951, 193(1): 265-275. [57] Bradford M M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 1976, 72(1-2): 248-254. [58] Brown R E, Jarvis K L, Hyland K J. Protein measurement using bicinchoninic acid: elimination of interfering substances. Analytical Biochemistry, 1989, 180(1): 36-139. [59] López C V G, Garc A M D C C, Fern Ndez F G A, et al. Protein measurements of microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(19): 7587-7591. [60] Lourenço S O, Barbarino E, Lav N P L, et al. Distribution of intracellular nitrogen in marine microalgae: calculation of new nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors. European Journal of Phycology, 2004, 39(1): 17-32. [61] Meng Y, Yao C, Xue S, et al. Application of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in determination of microalgal compositions. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 151: 347-354. [62] Wang T T, Ji Y T, Wang Y, et al. Quantitative dynamics of triacylglycerol accumulation in microalgae populations at single-cell resolution revealed by Raman microspectroscopy. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2014, 7: 58. [63] Ji Y T, He Y H, Cui Y B, et al. Raman spectroscopy provides a rapid, non-invasive method for quantitation of starch in live, unicellular microalgae. Biotechnology Journal, 2014, 9(12): 1512-1518. [64] Chiu L D, Ho S H, Shimada R, et al. Rapid in vivo lipid/carbohydrate quantification of single microalgal cell by Raman spectral imaging to reveal salinity-induced starch-to-lipid shift. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2017, 10(1): 9. [65] Kaczor A, Turnau K and Baranska M. In situ Raman imaging of astaxanthin in a single microalgal cell. Analyst, 2011, 136(6): 1109-1112. [66] Liu J, Pan Y, Yao C, et al. Determination of ash content and concomitant acquisition of cell compositions in microalgae via thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Algal Research, 2015, 12: 149-155. |
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|