25 May 2013, Volume 33 Issue 5
    

  • Select all
    |
  • DA Fei, HOU Zheng, MENG Jing-ru, JIA Min, LUO Xiao-xing
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 1-6.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: Using antisense strategy to design and synthesize oligonucleotide targeting agrA mRNA to block agr quorum sensing system,so as to depress the virulence gene of MRSA. Methods: We design and select effective antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) targeting agrA mRNA by software Primer Premier 5.0 and RNA structure 4.5 and covalently conjugated LNA with the cell penetrating peptide (KFF)3K. The transcription of agrA and downstream virulence genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and the expression of α-toxin was detected by western blot. Results: Neither PLNA34 nor PLNA522 inhibit the growth of MRSA in vitro. Both of PLNA34 and PLNA522 can significantly reduce the transcription of agrA, the effector RNAⅢ and hla, with PLNA34 having more significant inhibitory effect. PLNA34 has a stronger inhibition in expression of α-toxin than PLNA522. Conclusion: agrA could be a promising drug target to combat MRSA infection.
  • SUI Lei-ming, GAO Hua, GU Li, YANG Wei-wei, YANG Hui
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 7-12.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To observe protective effects of DJ-1 against rotenone induced dopaminergic neuron injury in rat substantia nigra (SN). Methods: DJ-1 gene was reconstructed into adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. Then rAAV-DJ-1 was transfected into HEK-293 cells for packaging. AAV vectors encoding human DJ-1 protein were stereotactically injected into the rat SN 4 weeks prior to rotenone lesion in SN. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein was determined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Ethovison software allowed measurement of movement distance in 30 minutes. Rotenone-induced depression-like behaviors in rats was measured by swimming. Results: The animals of the AAV-DJ-1 group significantly increased movement distance and swimming time comparing to control one. Furthermore, overexpression of DJ-1 dramatically inhibited the loss of TH-positive neurons. Conclusion: Overexpression of DJ-1 protected the dopaminergic neurons against rotenone induced injury in the rat SN, and strongly support the potential of DJ-1 gene on drug therapy for PD.
  • ZHANG Hao-ran, ZENG Zhi-yong, CHEN Jun-min
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 13-21.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To construct short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral vectors targeting human DEPTOR gene, detect its effect of gene silence and investigate the effect of DEPTOR on the proliferation and apoptosis in human multiple myeloma (MM) RPMI-8226 cells. Methods: Four human DEPTOR siRNA sequences were designed and then cloned into hU6-MCS-CMV-EGFP(GV115)-shRNA vector. The above recombinants were transfected into 293T cells by means of lipofectamine mediation. The gene silencing efficacy of these 4 siRNA sequences was compared in Western blot analysis. The GV115-shRNA was co-transfected into 293T cells. The most effective GV115-shRNA was screened out by Western blot. GV115-shRNA and lentiviral packaging plasmid were co-transfected into packging cell line 293T. Culture supernatants were harvested and concentrated to generate the lentivirus encoding DEPTOR-RNAi. The lentivirus particles were packaged and DEPTOR specific shRNA was transmitted into RPMI-8226 cells after screening for the valid shRNA. DEPTOR silencing efficiency was determined by Real-time PCR at mRNA level and Western blot at protein level. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of the cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis. Changes of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP were analyzed by Western blot. Results: The constructed revealed shRNA plasmids were proved to be correct by PCR and sequencing. shRNA plasmid (GV115-shRNA2), which efficiently silenced DEPTOR, was screened out. GV115-shRNA2 and lentiviral packaging plasmid were successfully packaged with a titer of 1?109 TU/ml. EGFP expression could be detected in RPMI-8226 after infection of the recombinant lentivirus. The expression of DEPTOR decreased obviusly detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Down-regulation of DEPTOR expression distinctly decrease the proliferation rates of MM line (P<0.05), induce tumor cell apoptosis (P<0.01). DEPTOR shRNA could increase expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP and Bax. The expression of protein Bcl-2 was decreased, while the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was blocked (P<0.01). Conclusion: The DEPTOR shRNA recombinant lentivirus vectors was successfully constructed, and the shRNA can significantly inhibit the expression level of DEPTOR in RPMI-8226 cells. DEPTOR shRNA will induce MM cell apoptosis and inhibit its proliferation. In addition, PI3K/Akt pathway may be involved in the process of apoptosis.
  • LI Fei-fei, FANG Jing, MA Qiong, FU Hui, MAO Jian-ping
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 22-27.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To investigate the natural broneol liquid induce cancer cells apoptosis. Methods:Cells of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer lines were employed. Cells cultured in normal conditions but with medium diluted natural broneol liquid. At different dilutions, different time, cultured cells were detected the proliferation by MTT assay. Death cells were histologically observed on slides. Apoptosis cells were analysed on flow cytometry. Results: Cells cultured in half diluted natural broneol liquid were all quickly lead to apoptosis, and showed apoptosis apparently from 12hrs in quarter diluted natural broneol liquid. The obviousness of apoptosis showed order from breast cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung epithelial cancer and rhinitis cancer, to normal cells 293T. While 293T only had basal levels of apoptosis. In the culture, withdrawal of the borneol fluid led normal cells quickly restored to growth state, while the cancer cells continue to undergo apoptosis within a certain time. Histologically observed the apoptosis cells showed often the bubbling or sprouting of membrane, nuclear condensed and splitted, cytoplasma reduced, and cell fragmentation. The phosphatidylserine eversion obviously lead to apoptosis early, and Caspases 3 showed changes happened, which induced the cancer cell apoptosis of borneol. Conclusion: It showed that borneol induced cancer cells apoptosis.
  • LI Yuan-fei, ZHAO He-ping, LIU Jing, ZHU Guo-qiang, ZHANG Ge-hong, JIA Jun-mei, YANG Wen-hui
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 28-34.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To obtain small interfering RNA sequence that can stably block the expression of TGFBR2 in the human colon cancer SW480 cell lines, and to construct the TGFBR2-miRNA lentiviral vector and establish a stably transfected cell line, which lay the foundation of further study in the colon cancer cells. Methods: Four kinds of miRNA sequences targeting TGFBR2 are designed. Recombinant pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-TGFBR2-miRNA plasmids are constructed. The plasmid pcDNATM6.2-GW/Em GFP-TGFBR2-miRNA with lentiviral packaging plasmid are mixed and co-transfected 293T cells with recombinant TGFBR2 vector, then the most effective miRNA is assessed and determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Virus solution is collected to infect SW480 cells and a stably transfected cell line is established. Invasion experiment is recorded respectively in SW480 cells after interfered with TGFBR2 and controls. Results: The fourth miRNA sequence shows the best gene silencing effect beyond 70% for mRNA and 70% for protein. The lentiviral vector is constructed successfully and inhibition ratio is 78.45% for TGFBR2 mRNA. After incubation with 10ng/ml TGF-β1and 20ng/mL TNF-a for 72h, the invasion experimental study reveals that the migrated cells are higher in TGFBR2-interferred group( 89.3±7.9)than TGFBR2-uninterferred group(15.1±8.2 cells, P<0.01).Conclusion: It is successful to obtain TGFBR2 -miRNA Lentiviral vector that can stably block the expression of TGFBR2 in the colon cancer cell line SW480 and establish a stably transfected cell line which provides foundation for further studies on the prevention and intervention of earliy matastasis of colon cancer. Furthermore, it is indicated that colon cancer cells with TGFBR2 mutant may be more invasive when the microenvironment riched with TGF-β1and TNF-a.
  • WU Jun, YAN Xin, SHAO Rong, DUAN Jing-hua
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 35-43.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Co-encapsulated doxorubicin and curcumin in PBCA nanoparticles were prepared with emulsion polymerization. The mean particle size and the zeta potential of DOX-CUR-PBCA-NPs were 133 ? 5.34nm in diameter and +32.23 ? 4.56 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiencies of DOX and CUR were 49.98 ? 3.32% and 94.52 ? 3.14%, respectively. Anticancer activities and reversal efficacy of the formulations and various combination approaches were assessed using MTT assay and western blotting. The results showed that the dual-agent loaded PBCA-NPs system had the similar cytotoxicity to co-administration of two single-agent loaded PBCA-NPs (DOX-PBCA-NPs + CUR-PBCA-NPs), which was slightly higher than that of the free drug combination (DOX-CUR) and one free drug/another agent loaded PBCA-NPs combination (DOX+CUR-PBCA-NPs or CUR+DOX-PBCA-NPs). The simultaneous administration of DOX and CUR could achieve the highest reversal efficacy, and down-regulate of P-gp in MCF-7/ADR cell lines. Multidrug-resistant can be enhanced by treated combination of encapsulated cytotoxic drugs and reversal agents. Co-encapsulation of anticancer drug DOX and reversal agent CUR can be more effective in reversing multi-drug resistance than the other formulations and might cause lower normal tissue drug toxicity and fewer drug-drug interactions.
  • KANG Ji-yao, ZHANG Ning, ZHOU Wei-qing, SUN Li-jing, ZHANG Gui-feng, MA Guang-hui, SU Zhi-guo
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 44-49.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Konjac glucomannan (KGM) microspheres were activated with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, and the collagen was coupled on the activated microsphere for preparation of micro-carrier for cell culture. For process optimization, the orthogonal regression experiments were carried out by four factors and three levels including activation time, protein consumption, coupled time, the crosslinker dosage effect of microcarrier cell culture. Based on culture effect of Vero cell, the optimum condition for preparation of collagen coated micro-carrier is activation time 5 h, the coupling of time 5 h, protein dosage 1 g:0.1 g (ball:protein), the amount of crosslinking agent 1g: 0.5ml (bead:crosslinking agent). The largest cell density was 1.7?106 cells/ml under the optimal preparation condition. The result indicates that KGM microspheres coupled with collagen is suitable for cell culture as microcarrier.
  • SUN Jing, WANG Bin, DUAN Zhi-qing, HU Ning-zhu, LI Jian-fang, LI Yan-han, HU Yun-zhang
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 50-55.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To express recombinant human Leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) fusion protein in prokaryotic cells, purify and identify the bioactivity of expressed product. Methods: The hLIF gene was cloned into vector pThioHisA, and the constructed recombinant plasmid pThioHisA-hLIF was transformed to E.coli BL21(DE3) for expression under induction of IPTG. After the expression product waspurified by affinity chromatography, the fusion protein was tested for its specificity by western blot detection. To assess the bioactivity of the hLIF fusion protein expressed in E.coli, it was tested to maintain the pluripotency of the mouse embryonic stem cells in feeder-independent culture system. Results: Lower the induction temperature and prolong the induction time can increase soluble hLIF fusion protein expression. The recombinant protein reached a purity of more than 95% after purification, and its specificity was successfully proved by western blot detection. In feeder-independent culture system, adding hLIF fusion protein can effectively maintain the mouse embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state. Conclusion: The recombinant hLIF fusion protein was highly expressed in E.coli and showed good specificity, which lay the foundation for stem cells research and further research on hLIF biological functions.
  • DONG Xiang-mei, SUN Ji-chang, LIU Chun-mei, ZHONG Zi-qing, LAI Wei-hua, WEI Hua, XIONG Yong-hua
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 56-61.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Two strains of mAbs against L. monocytogenes, namely 4A7 and 4H11, are generated by immuned the BALB/c mice using the cell fragments of L. monocytogenes as the immunogen. The titers of mAbs are 1:160 000, 1:20 000 and the subclasses of mAbs are IgG1, IgG2a, respectively. The specificity of the mAbs is evaluated using Dot-ELISA method and the two strains of mAbs show a high infinity to Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri and Listeria innocua whereas exhibit no cross-reactivity with Listeria grayi and other 30 common bacterias. Western-blot analysis showes the mAbs 4A7 and 4H11can recognize the membrane proteins of L. monocytogenes with the molecular weight of 62 kDa and 32 kDa, respectively. Immuno-gold based transmission electron microscopy further demonstrates that the mAbs are capable of binding the membrane antigens of L. monocytogenes.
  • WANG Bao-gui, WU Xiao-li, DONG Su-qin, GAN Min, CHEN Xing-xing, CHEN Fei, MING Xing, XU Feng
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 62-67.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To obtain the specific scFv against Salmonella enteritidis using genetic engineering technology. Methods: VH and VL genes were amplified by Reverse Transcription (RT) PCR from hybridoma cells secreting anti-Salmonella enteritidis monoclonal antibody, scFv gene (VL-Linker-VH) was obtained by Splice Overlap Extension (SOE) PCR with flexible polypeptide Linker connector (Gly4Ser)3. Subsequently the scFv-pGEX-4T-1 recombinant plasmid was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 for expression using IPTG as an inducer. The expressed recombinant protein was purified by GST chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. Results: DNA sequencing demonstrated that scFv was successfully inserted into pGEX-4T-1. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the molecular weight of the expressed scFv was about 60 kDa, and ELISA results confirmed that the obtained scFv can be recognized by not only Salmonella enteritidis but also S. enterica subsp enterzca, S. anatum and S. typhimurium. Conclusion: Specific scFv against S. enteritidis was obtained and can be used as candidate antibody molecules in detection of Salmonella.
  • LI Hong-yan, ZHOU Si-tian, MA Jian-hui, WANG Yan-xing, SUN Mei-hao
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 68-74.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Pyruvate kinase (PK), catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP during glycolysis, which step is essentially irreversible under intracellular conditions and is allosterically controlled. In Escherichia coli, there are two kinds of PKs, namely PKI (PKF) and PKII (PKA) which were activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate, respectively. PKI had been extensively studied, while PKII had little been investigated largely due to its instability reported by Waywood et al. in 1975. To further characterize PKII, it was prokaryotically overexpressed and purified. Following the determination of kinetic constants for NDP, their catalytic efficiencies (CEs) were calculated and compared. PKII and PK from rabbit muscle (PKr) had similar CEs respect to ADP, GDP and UDP, and PKII had 6.5 times higher CE with CDP than that for PKr. Distinct from published results, little activity decrease was found during 18 months -80℃ storage or 24 h room temperature treatment. High catalytic efficiency and stability enabled PKII as a potentially good coupling enzyme. Together with lactate dehydrogenase, PKII was successfully used as coupling enzyme to determine the kinetic constants of sulfate activating complex (SAC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and its mutants, and K409 and S410 were found to be essential for its activity of APSK domain.
  • ZHU Cai-hong, LI Shui-gen, QI Li-wang, HAN Su-ying
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 75-80.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the technique of L. leptolepis somatic embryogenesis, embryogenic tissues were transformed by A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 carrying a binary plasmid pSuper1300+ with the hpt gene as a selectable marker. Factors that influence transformation were investigated and discussed, including the physiological status of plant calli, the concentration of bacteria, the duration of bacterial infection and co-culture. As a result, after infected by 0.4(OD600)bacterial solution for 10min, co-culture for 2d, then washed three times by liquid medium supplemented with 400mg/L cefotaxime, followed by recovery culture for 7d and selection by 5mg/L hygromycin for several times, a total of 54 hygromycin-resistant cell lines had been obtained. The transformation efficiency is 0.94 transgenic cell lines obtained from per gram of plant calli on average. All the resistant cells were positively transgenic confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The development of such a robust transformation method not only provides a useful approach for genetic improvement but also allows us to conduct a functional identification of genes in L. leptolepis.
  • LIN Heng, LI Jun-ming, GE Gao-shun, ZHANG Li-chao, SUN Li-hui, HU Xue-jun
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 81-85.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective: To study PEG on the influence of ELP[I]40 inverse temperature transition (Tt). Methods: The ELP[I]40 gene (a (VPGIG)40 five peptide unit composition) was designed and synthesised, and it was expressed and purified, then the Tt was detected under the condition of different concentrations of PEG. Results: In the ELP 40 final concentration to 25 μmol/L, when PEG concentration was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, theTt was respectively reduced down to 26.5℃ and 22℃, 15.2℃, 8.8℃, 2.5℃ from 29℃. Conclusion: The PEG can enhance the ELP purification efficiency via reducing the Tt.
  • ZHANG Le, CHEN Xuan-qin, WANG Lin, CHEN Li-mei, LI Kun-zhi
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 86-92.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Aldehydes were one kind of toxic substance with high activity of chemical reactions. In the body of organism, aldehydes were chiefly generated by the lipid peroxidation, amino acid oxidation, and protein glycation. ALDHs (aldehyde dehydrogenase),with a variety of aldehydes as the substrate, encoded one kind of proteins responsible for the oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid, can be found in plants, animals, and microorganism. The ALDH cDNA sequence of 'Danbo black soybean’ was amplified by RT-PCR. Prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1-ALDH3-1 was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 for expression. The effect of different concentrations of IPTG, time, and temperature on the ALDH protein expression was studied. The results showed that maximum recombinant protein was expressed in 6h at 28℃ with induction of IPTG, while the concentration of IPTG has little effect on the expression level of ALDH3-1. The transformed bacteria and control were cultured in liquid LB medium containing different concentration of Al, Cu, and Cd ions The growth curve of them was detected. The results show that ALDH3-1 has a certain tolerance to the mental ions mentioned above in vivo. These results provided foundation for the further investigation on ALDH3-1 structure and biological function.
  • YANG Qi, YIN Jia-jia, WANG Yin, WANG Rui-gang, LI Guo-jing
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 93-99.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Under stress conditions, a lot of genes responsive to stress will be induced in plants. Late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins (LEA protein) belong to an important protein family related to drought, cold and other abiotic stress. An LEA encoding gene was isolated from the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library of Caragana korshinskii Kom. under drought stress. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it belongs to the LEA3 gene family, and was named CkLEA1 (GenBank accession no. KC309408). The full length gDNA of CkLEA1 was 496bp, contained two exons and one intron. The full length cDNA was 357bp, and the protein deduced from this cDNA comprised 99 amino acids. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed the transcript of CkLEA1 was induced under different stresses, including drought, cold, heat, salt, ABA and high pH. These results indicate that CkLEA1 might be involved in the stress response of Caragana korshinskii Kom.
  • ZHAO Yun, ZHU Bei-lin, WANG Zheng-hua, ZHOU Jie, WU Zi-rong, HUANG Jing
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 100-106.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    G4-amylase catalyses hydrolysis of 1,4-α-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends. As a new type of exo-amylase, it is widely used in food, medical care and other fields. The enzyme’s gene sequence from Pseudomonas stutzeri was optimized and it showed 75% homology with the wild gene sequence. The optimized gene was synthesized and then cloned into expression vector pET32a(+). The recombinant protein was shown to be expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as inclusion bodies. By protein refolding and purification, gel electrophoresis homogeneous and active protein which had a molecular weight of 57kDa (by SDS-PAGE). Hydrolysis product analysis of seven kinds sources of starch showed that only maltotetraose were presented. By DNS determination.The optimum temperature is 45℃, the optimal pH is 8.0. This research provided a new idea for heterologous expression of this particular food-enzyme using genetic engineering.
  • LIN Na, GAO Ji-hai, AI Tao-bo, FAN Lin-hong, WANG Sheng-hua, CHEN Fang
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 107-111.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The leaves of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum are rich in lipids, polyphenols and polysaccharides. Various conventional lysis reagent (Trizol reagents, bentonite, CTAB and Tris-SDS- guanidinium isothiocyanate) methods were tested for extraction of the total Cinnamomum longepaniculatum RNA without ideal results. Based on characters of the leaves containing multiple secondary metabolites to inference RNA purification, a novel modified method was tested: the pretreatment liquid and ethyl acetate were used firstly to reduce lysate fluid viscosity; chloroform was replaced by dichloromethane in RNA extraction process to eliminate effect of hydrophobic impurity; then high concentration of mixed salt were used to take off sugars. Results showed that the new modified method of total RNA extraction from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves was purified, with no obvious degrade, the A260/A280 and A260/A230 were about 2.0, productivity was 580 μg /g. The RNA from the novel method was amplified through RT-PCR and with a 113bp specific sequence. The data identified RNA integrity, purity and production efficiency were improved by the novel modified method, and this experiment has determined a new modified method for extraction of total RNA from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves.
  • ZHANG Nan, SUN Gui-ling, DAI Jun-gui, YANG Yan-fang, LIU Hong-wei, QIU De-you
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 112-119.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To sequence the transcriptome of Ginkgo biloba L. cells, Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx was used. One purpose is to discover candidate genes involved in ginkgolide biosynthesis and new hydroxylases in Ginkgo biloba cells such as taxoid 9-alpha hydroxylase, which will complete the unknown hydroxylation steps in taxol biosynthesis pathway in Taxus sp. A total of 69 286 contigs, 56 387 scaffolds and 32 032 unigenes with average length of 636bp were generated. Unigene qualities from several aspects like gap distribution, GC content, gene coverage were assessed. The results indicate that the sequencing data is good with high quality and reliability. Analyzed the information of unigene expression and functional annotation, we found that 66 unigenes belong to CYP450 gene family, 726 relate to secondary metabolism among which 59 involved in terpenoid metabolism and 17 involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis. At last, 15 hydroxylase candidates were selected by bioinformatics analysis our transcriptome data of Ginkgo biloba L. cells and the Michigan State University transcriptome data of Ginkgo biloba L. tissues. These candidate genes selection work set foundation for the further research.
  • ZHANG Dong-xu
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 120-124.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Pretreatment of lignocellulose is an essential step for converting lignocellulose to value-added fuels and chemicals by microbial fermentation. However, during thermo-chemical pretreatment, such as acid hydrolysis and steam explosion, a lot of degradation products such as furans, organic acids and phenolics are formed or released due to the harsh conditions. These degradation products are potential inhibitors to microbial fermentation, leading to low product yield and productivity. A prospective method for removing these toxins is biological detoxification, which has the advantages of simple operation and less generation of waste. One possible biological method is to remove the inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysate before fermentation by using microbes or enzymes. Another way is to use the genetic engineered or adapted (evolutionary engineered) micro-organisms, which obtained the ability to detoxify the inhibitors, to improve the fermentation capability of lignocellulose hydrolysate. We will focus on the biological detoxification methods used to improve ligocellulosic ethanol productivity and yield.
  • ZHANG De-fang, MA Qiu-yue, YIN Tong-ming, XIA Tao
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 125-131.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    With the development and application of next generation sequencing technology (NGS), some disadvantages are emerging. The third generation single molecular sequencing technology, to a certain extent, may offset these disadvantages of the next generation sequencing in application. This study elaborated the 4 sequencing principles of the third generation single molecular sequencing technologies, compared the advantages and disadvantages with these sequencing technologies, and presented their application in genome sequencing, methylation research, RNA sequencing and medical research.
  • LIU Bo-ning
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 132-138.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The development of therapeutic antibody technology has experienced with three stage including polyclonal antibody from antiserum, monoclonal antibody from hybridoma, and the recombinant antibody technology. Moreover, the recombinant antibody technology ensures therapeutic antibody possible to commercial manufacturing. Owing to lower immunogenicity and higher clinic efficacy, the humanized and full human antibodies have been dominant in approved antibody drug, instead of mouse or chimeric antibodies. With successes in the cancer and autoimmunity therapy, the antibody industry has become primary component pharmaceutical in the world. According to the industry capacity and launched antibody products, the China antibody industry was in initial stage. Further, the technology bottleneck limiting antibody drug industrialization was identified, which involved with establishment of antibody-producing cell line, process development of large scale cell culture, and purify and quality control of antibody product. The development of industrial key-technology, mentioned above, will accelerate the process of antibody industry in china.
  • LI Ju-dan
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 139-147.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    European Union and EPO managing the examination of patent applications and the grant of European patents, had seek how to offer patent protection for plant innovations in order to encourage innovation in biotechnology breeding industry since 1980s. There were two main reasons for such a policy made by European Union, one was United States had provided patent protection for living material produced by genetic engineering in Chakrabaty in 1980 before European, another was the traditional protection systems of plant breeding by the right of the breeder given by UPOV failed to satisfy the development of modern biotechnology industry. From Ciba—Geigy case decided by the Technical Board of Appeals in 1983, EPO decided to provide the patent protection for propagating material for cultivated plant. In Lubrizol case in 1988, EPO confirmed that the hybrid seeds or plants should be protected by patent. In Plant Genetic Systems case in 1995, the Technical Board of Appeal thought that plant cells, non-biologically transformed, were patentable. In Novartis case in 1999, Transgenic Plant was confirmed to be protected by patent. The above-mentioned four cases were fundamental cases regarding plant breeding innovation handled by EPO, which interpreted at length EPC Art. 53(b), key provision dealt with whether plant invention can be get patent or not, and showed that intellectual property protection policy change of EU on living material, and indicated that patent system would be a powerful measure to protect biotechnology breeding innovation. Nowadays, China thinks highly of the development of modern biotechnology industry as a strategic emerging industry in the future. From the experiences of European and United States, China should consider more proactive intellectual property policies to support and encourage innovation in the biotechnology breeding industry, and should provide patent protection for plant innovation as soon as possible.
  • LIAO Wei-hua, AN Xin-min
    China Biotechnology. 2013, 33(5): 148-160.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Traditional breeding has been widely used in tree improvement. However, this technology is inefficient because of long and complex life cycle that is not amenable to strict control by man. Fortunately, the development of genetic engineering is offering new approach for tree breeding through the introduction of foreign genes. During the last two decades, tree genetic engineering has been progressing at a steady pace in the forest trees. Transgenic trees carrying various different transgenes have been produced, and are undergoing confined field trials in the world. Forest transgenic research was launched earlier in developed countries, including herbicide resistance, insect resistance, and lignin reduction in several forest tree species. The stability and security of transgene expression need to be addressed in the long-lived forest trees. This paper progress on tree transgenic research in recent years was reviewed comprehensively, especially about planting areas, target traits, genetic modification and field trials. It was provided with detailed and valuable data for researchers in this field and government. More importantly, it will be proposed to develop domestic tree genetic engineering.