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| Research Progress of Therapeutic Nanobodies with Different Routes of Administration |
WU Yue1,2,SUN Bai-he1,2,ZHAO Rui3,LI Yan-fei2,*( ),MA Lin-lin2,*() |
1 School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
2 School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
3 Shanghai Donghai Geriatric Nursing Hospital, Shanghai 201303, China |
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Abstract The nanobodies naturally existing in the sera of camels and Sharks provide a new idea for the development of antibody drugs because of their unique structural characteristics and molecular weight different from traditional monoclonal antibodies. In particular, the small molecular weight and excellent stability of nanobodies enable them to have greater flexibility in drug delivery. They can withstand harsh biophysical environments and are developed into oral preparations and aerosolized inhalants, which to some extent solves the challenges and limitations of traditional monoclonal antibodies in drug delivery routes. However, the small molecular weight also makes the nanobody have dual pharmacokinetic characteristics after administration, both excellent tissue penetration and rapid blood clearance. Improving the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nanobodies is of great significance to reduce the frequency of drug delivery and drug efficacy. In this review, the biological characteristics of nanobodies were first described, and then the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nanobodies and the methods to further improve the pharmacokinetics were emphatically introduced. On this basis, the research progress of nanobody drugs used for intravenous, subcutaneous, oral and inhalation drug delivery routes was reviewed, the feasibility, safety and therapeutic effect of different drug delivery routes for the treatment of specific diseases were evaluated, and the possible drug delivery routes of nanobodies were also analyzed, so as to provide a reference for the selection of drug delivery routes in the follow-up research and development of nanobody drugs.
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Received: 15 August 2022
Published: 14 February 2023
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