论预防原则在欧盟转基因生物监管中的困境与出路 <sup>*</sup>——基于意大利Fidenato案的分析

doi:10.13523/j.cb.20180613

中国生物工程杂志

2018, Vol. 38

Issue (6): 95-102 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20180613

农业生物技术专栏

论预防原则在欧盟转基因生物监管中的困境与出路 ^*——基于意大利Fidenato案的分析

周天盟,刘旭霞(

)

华中农业大学文法学院武汉 430070

The Dilemma and Solution of the Precautionary Principle in EU Regulation of GMO——Based on the Analysis of Case Fidenato

Tian-meng ZHOU,Xu-xia LIU(

)

College of Humanities and Law,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China

全文: PDF(1103 KB) HTML

摘要：

欧盟在风险预防方面一直走在世界的前列,其对于转基因生物的法律监管一直奉行的是预防原则。在该原则的指导下,欧盟建立起了极为严苛的转基因生物监管法律框架,并将该原则适用于转基因生物监管的各个环节。囿于预防原则的抽象性、模糊性等缺陷,该原则在欧盟转基因生物监管中的适用引发了成员国滥用保护性措施、国际贸易摩擦加剧等问题以致陷入困境。通过欧盟法院的判例与解释、相关法案的修正等措施,欧盟试图摆脱困境,使得预防原则在转基因生物的监管中起到更加有效的作用。我国对于预防原则存在与欧盟类似的理解与运用,现有法律框架对于转基因生物的监管亦过于严苛。借鉴国外经验,立足本土需要,当前应在充分认识预防原则的基础上,重新审视科学与法律的关系,适度放松转基因生物的法律监管。

关键词： 欧盟; 预防原则; 转基因生物; 法律监管; 风险预防

Abstract:

The EU has been at the forefront of the world in risk prevention,Its legal regulation of genetically modified organisms has always pursued the precautionary principle.Under the guidance of this principle,the EU has set up a very stringent legal framework for the regulation of GMOs and applies the principle to all aspects of the regulation of GMOs.Limited by the abstractness,fuzziness and other defects of the precautionary principle,the principle in EU regulation of GMO has causes some problems such as:member states abused protective measures and EU international trade frictions intensified,which has made the application of the precautionary principle in dilemma.The EU is trying to get out of the dilemma by law amendment and Court of Justice of the European Union’s judicial interpretation,and make the precautionary principle more effective.Our country has a similar understanding and application of the precautionary principle as the EU, and the existing legal framework is too harsh on the regulation of GMOs.Drawing on the experience of other countries and based on the needs of the local community,we should,at present,fully understand the precautionary principle and re-examine the relationship between science and law and appropriately relax the legal supervision over GMOs.

Key words: The EU Precautionary principle GMO Legal regulation Risk prevention

收稿日期: 2018-01-27 出版日期: 2018-07-06

ZTFLH:

Q819

基金资助: * 国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项资助项目(2016ZX08001001)

通讯作者: 刘旭霞 E-mail: liuxuxia@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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引用本文:

周天盟,刘旭霞. 论预防原则在欧盟转基因生物监管中的困境与出路 ^*——基于意大利Fidenato案的分析[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2018, 38(6): 95-102.

Tian-meng ZHOU,Xu-xia LIU. The Dilemma and Solution of the Precautionary Principle in EU Regulation of GMO——Based on the Analysis of Case Fidenato. China Biotechnology, 2018, 38(6): 95-102.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20180613 或 https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2018/V38/I6/95

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