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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (4): 92-100    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2210013
综述     
光控表达系统在合成生物学中的调控作用*
刘亭亭,张平,张悦()
大连工业大学生物工程学院 大连 116034
Regulation Role of Light-controlled Expression Systems in Synthetic Biology
LIU Ting-ting,ZHANG Ping,ZHANG Yue()
College of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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摘要：

光遗传学技术是将遗传学技术与光控技术相结合,利用光源控制生物过程的一项全新技术。光控表达系统是基于光遗传学技术与合成生物学方法相结合的策略,将光作为感测模块与生物体内已有的基因模块组合构成全新的基因回路,通过光信号动态调控基因表达的系统。该系统是一种低成本、低毒性、高灵活性的新型动态调控开关,对基因精准调控的同时还能有效解决能源短缺问题。目前,该系统已经成熟地应用于疾病诊疗、材料合成等领域,同时也极大促进了微生物代谢及合成生物学的发展。光受体是光遗传学技术中不可缺少的工具元件,根据不同生物光受体的感光特性,介绍用于控制基因表达的光调控系统,重点分析其在调控微生物系统内基因表达、代谢途径和药物递送中的应用,探讨光遗传学技术在合成生物学应用中可能存在的问题及未来发展前景。
关键词： 光遗传学;  合成生物学;  动态调控;  光受体    
Abstract:

Optogenetics is a new technology that combines genetics technology and light control technology to control biological processes with light. Based on the strategy of combining optogenetics and synthetic biology methods, researchers combined light as a sensing module with existing gene modules in organisms to form a new gene circuit, and designed a system that can dynamically regulate gene expression through light signals. As a new type of dynamic regulation switch with low cost, low toxicity and high flexibility, it has not only been applied in disease diagnosis, material synthesis and other fields, but also greatly promoted the progress of microbial metabolism and helped solve energy shortage problems. Since photoreceptors are indispensable components in optogenetics technology, this paper introduce several light-regulated systems used to control gene expression according to the photosensitive properties of different photoreceptors, and focus on their applications in regulating microbial system gene expression, metabolic pathways and drug delivery. Meanwhile, the potential problems and prospects of the application of photogenetics in synthetic biology were also discussed.
Key words: Optogenetics    Synthetic biology    Dynamic regulation    Photoreceptors
收稿日期: 2022-10-11 出版日期: 2023-05-04
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: 辽宁省教育厅科学研究(J2020098)
通讯作者: **电子信箱:zhangyue@dlpu.edu.cn   
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引用本文:

刘亭亭, 张平, 张悦. 光控表达系统在合成生物学中的调控作用*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2023, 43(4): 92-100.

LIU Ting-ting, ZHANG Ping, ZHANG Yue. Regulation Role of Light-controlled Expression Systems in Synthetic Biology. China Biotechnology, 2023, 43(4): 92-100.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2210013    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2023/V43/I4/92

图1  红光调控系统 PHYB与PIF3光激活机制
图2  蓝光调控系统 CRY2与CIB1光激活机制
图3  蓝光调控系统LOV2光激活机制
图4  紫外光调控系统 COP1与UVR8光激活机制
图5  绿光调控系统 CarH与CarO光激活机制
光源类型 光受体来源 系统组分 宿主 诱导倍数/产量 参考文献
红光、远红光 拟南芥 PHYB/PIF3 酿酒酵母 >1 000倍 [5]
红光、远红光 拟南芥 PhyB-synTALE-DBD/
PIF3-VP64AD		 酿酒酵母 PhiReX1.0: 11倍, PhiReX1.1:41倍 [40]
红光、远红光 拟南芥 PHYB/PIF3 大肠杆菌 5倍 [41]
蓝光 拟南芥 CRY2/CIB1 酿酒酵母 120倍 [22]
蓝光 拟南芥 CRY2/CIB1 酿酒酵母 5倍 [42]
蓝光 燕麦 AsLOV2 酿酒酵母 5倍 [43]
蓝光 粗糙脉孢菌 LightOn 小鼠 200~300倍 [44]
蓝光 山葡萄红杆菌 EL222 酿酒酵母 (8.49 ± 0.31)g/L [45]
紫外光 拟南芥 UVR8/COP1 酿酒酵母 80倍 [46]
绿光 嗜热栖热菌 CarH/VPRH 解脂耶氏酵母 绿光及黑暗条件下分别为
99.1 mg/L、117.1mg/L		 [47]
表1  光调控系统的应用
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