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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2018, Vol. 38 Issue (8): 84-91    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20180811
综述     
甜菜素的生物合成及其代谢调控进展 *
于思礼1,刘雪1,张昭宇1,於洪建2,赵广荣1,**()
1. 天津大学化工学院制药工程系 系统生物工程教育部重点实验室 天津 300350
2. 天津益倍生物科技集团 天津 300450
Advances of Betalains Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation
Si-li YU1,Xue LIU1,Zhao-yu ZHANG1,Hong-jian YU2,Guang-rong ZHAO1,**()
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, China
2. Ubasio Biotech Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
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摘要：

甜菜素是一种植物源的水溶性天然含氮色素,用于食品添加剂和化妆品等行业中。在植物中甜菜素和花青素色素互不共存,其代谢途径是重要的植物化学分类指标。甜菜素兼具抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗疟、保肝等药理作用,其潜在的医疗保健价值以及其代谢途径的独特性,促进了对甜菜素深入研究。综述了甜菜素合成途径中的关键酶和合成生物学策略生产甜菜素的国内外研究进展,为建立合成生物方法生产甜菜素提供参考。
关键词： 甜菜素生物合成;  合成生物学;  代谢工程;  甜菜红苷;  甜菜黄素    
Abstract:

Betalains is a kind of botanical water-soluble natural nitrogen-containing pigments, which used as food additives and cosmetics. Betalains and anthocyanin pigments do not coexist in a same plant, and their metabolic pathway is an important phytochemical classification index. Betalains have potential pharmacological effects of anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-malaria and liver protective, which have promoted the further study of them. The key enzymes of betalains synthesis pathway and research progress of synthetic biology strategy for betalains production at home and abroad are reviewed. It provides a reference for establishing synthetic biological method of betalains production.
Key words: Betalains biosynthesis    Synthetic biology    Metabolic engineering    Betanin    Betaxanthin
收稿日期: 2018-04-08 出版日期: 2018-09-11
ZTFLH:  Q946  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31570087)
通讯作者: 赵广荣     E-mail: grzhao@tju.edu.cn
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于思礼
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引用本文:

于思礼,刘雪,张昭宇,於洪建,赵广荣. 甜菜素的生物合成及其代谢调控进展 *[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2018, 38(8): 84-91.

Si-li YU,Xue LIU,Zhao-yu ZHANG,Hong-jian YU,Guang-rong ZHAO. Advances of Betalains Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation. China Biotechnology, 2018, 38(8): 84-91.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20180811    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2018/V38/I8/84

图1  甜菜素的生物合成途径
分类 结构 R基团 色素名称 植物来源
甜菜红素 R = H 甜菜红苷配基 甜菜
R = Glc 甜菜红苷 甜菜
R = H 2-脱羧甜菜红苷 甜菜
R = Malonyl 6'-O-丙二酰-2-脱羧甜菜红苷 甜菜
R = ρ-Coumaroyl 松叶菊红苷Ⅰ 松叶菊
R = Feruloyl 松叶菊红苷Ⅱ 松叶菊
R = H 叶子花紫色苷Ⅰ 叶子花
R = ρ-Coumaroyl 叶子花紫色苷Ⅲ 叶子花
R = H 苋菜红素 尾穗苋
R = ρ-Coumaroyl 鸡冠花红素Ⅰ 鸡冠花
R = Feruloyl 鸡冠花红素Ⅱ 鸡冠花
R = H 千日红素Ⅰ 千日红
R = ρ-Coumaroyl 千日红素Ⅱ 千日红
R = Feruloyl 千日红素Ⅲ 千日红
R = Sinapoyl 千日红素Ⅳ 千日红
甜菜黄素 R = Aspartic acid 天冬氨酸-甜菜黄素 紫茉莉
R = Tyramine 酪胺-甜菜黄素 紫茉莉
R = Dopamine 多巴胺-甜菜黄素 紫茉莉
R = Histamine 组胺-甜菜黄素 紫茉莉
R = Tyrosine 酪氨酸-甜菜黄素 大花马齿苋
R = Glycine 甘氨酸-甜菜黄素 大花马齿苋
R = Proline 脯氨酸-甜菜黄素 黎果仙人掌
R = Hydroxyproline 羟脯氨酸-甜菜黄素 黎果仙人掌
表1  常见甜菜素及其来源
植物宿主及培养方式 引入基因及来源 产物及含量(mg/g鲜重) 参考文献
烟草,细胞悬浮培养 TYR(香菇)
DODA(紫茉莉)		 甜菜黄素1.02 [38]
烟草,细胞悬浮培养 CYP76AD1(甜菜)
DODA(甜菜)
cDOPA5GT(紫茉莉)		 甜菜红苷0.05 [35]
烟草,细胞悬浮培养 CYP76AD6(甜菜)
DODA(甜菜)		 甜菜黄素0.1 [35]
烟草,愈伤组织培养 CYP76AD1(甜菜)
DODA(甜菜)
cDOPA5GT(紫茉莉)		 甜菜红苷0.33 [35]
茄子,愈伤组织培养 CYP76AD1(甜菜)
DODA(甜菜)
cDOPA5GT(紫茉莉)		 甜菜红苷0.25 [35]
番茄,愈伤组织培养 CYP76AD1(甜菜)
DODA(甜菜)
cDOPA5GT(紫茉莉)		 甜菜红苷0.12 [35]
马铃薯,愈伤组织培养 CYP76AD1(甜菜)
DODA(甜菜)
cDOPA5GT(紫茉莉)		 甜菜红苷0.07 [35]
表2  非石竹目植物合成甜菜素
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