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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2018, Vol. 38 Issue (1): 88-99    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20180111
作物雄性不育与杂种优势利用专辑     
玉米花药发育的细胞生物学与分子遗传学的研究方法
田有辉1,2,万向元1,2()
1 北京科技大学生物前沿技术与应用研究中心 化学与生物工程学院 生物农业研究院 北京 100024
2 北京首佳利华科技有限公司主要作物生物育种北京市工程实验室 生物育种北京市国际科技合作基地 北京 100192
Cytobiology and Molecular Genetics Research Methods on Maize Anther Development
You-hui TIAN1,2,Xiang-yuan WAN1,2()
1 Advanced Biotechnology and Application Research Center, Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
2 Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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摘要：

雄性不育技术在玉米杂种优势利用和杂交种生产中发挥着重要作用,玉米花药发育和雄性不育的细胞生物学与分子遗传学研究是雄性不育技术利用的前提和基础。玉米花药发育是一个复杂的生物学过程,需要孢子体基因与配子体基因的协同表达调控。从玉米花药的形态结构、花药发育时期的划分、花药败育类型、花药发育的细胞学研究方法、花药发育的组学研究方法、花药发育分子遗传学研究方法等方面进行综述,以期为玉米核不育机制研究与雄性不育技术产业化应用提供方法学指导。
关键词： 玉米;  花药;  雄性不育;  杂种优势利用    
Abstract:

Male sterile materials play important roles both in maize heterosis utilization and hybrids production, which are based on cytobiology and molecular genetics research on maize anther development.Anther development of maize is sophisticated, which need cooperative regulation of sporophyte and gametophyte. Here, the research progresses in maize anther morphology, maize anther development division, male sterility classification, cytobiology research methods, various omics research methods and molecular genetics methods on anther development are summarized, which will provide methodological clues for understanding the mechanism underlying maize anther development and industrialized utilization of male sterile materials.
Key words: Maize    Anther    Male sterility    Heterosis utilization
收稿日期: 2017-12-01 出版日期: 2018-01-31
ZTFLH:  Q785  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31771875);国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才特殊支持经费;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(06500060);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0102001, 2017YFD0101200);国家国际科技合作项目(2015DFA30640);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD01B02);北京市科技计划资助项目(Z161100000916013)
作者简介: 通讯作者 万向元,电子信箱: wanxiangyuan@ustb.edu.cn
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田有辉,万向元. 玉米花药发育的细胞生物学与分子遗传学的研究方法[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2018, 38(1): 88-99.

You-hui TIAN,Xiang-yuan WAN. Cytobiology and Molecular Genetics Research Methods on Maize Anther Development. China Biotechnology, 2018, 38(1): 88-99.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20180111    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2018/V38/I1/88

图1  玉米雄穗和小花形态
图2  玉米花药的形态
图3  花药发育早期世系假说模式图[34]
图4  玉米花药发育14个时期的细胞学观察
时期形态特征花药长度(μm)表达基因
1花药原基起始,由L1、L2、L3三层细胞构成30~120
2L2层细胞分化形成AR细胞120~180MSCA1[26]
3AR细胞分裂形成PPL180~280
4细胞分裂继续进行,形成EN和SPC,垂周分裂使花药小室增大280~500MAC1[4]
5SPL分裂,形成ML和T500~700
6花药小室增大,AR发育成熟形成MMC1 000~1 200
7MC与绒毡层接触,周围胼胝质降解ML变薄1 200~1 500
8a减数第一次分裂完成,形成二分体;绒毡层染色质浓缩1 500~2 000MS9[27]、MS23[28]、MS32[29]
8b减数第二次分裂结束,形成由胼胝质包裹的四分体2 000~2 500MS8[30]
9胼胝质降解,小孢子释放2 500~3 000MS26[31]、MS45[32]、APV1[25]、IPE1[24]
10小孢子内部形成中央大液泡,与绒毡层接触,绒毡层进一步降解3 000~3 500
11小孢子内液泡收缩,细胞核经过一次有丝分裂形成营养核和生殖核3 500~5 000
12生殖核在经过一次有丝分裂,形成三核花粉粒;绒毡层彻底降解5 000~5 500
13花粉粒继续进行淀粉积累,呈圆球状5 500~6 000
14花药开裂,散粉5 500~6 000
表1  玉米花药发育的细胞学变化过程[10]
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