利用生物技术创建主要作物雄性不育杂交育种和制种的技术体系

doi:10.13523/j.cb.20180110

中国生物工程杂志

2018, Vol. 38

Issue (1): 78-87 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20180110

作物雄性不育与杂种优势利用专辑

利用生物技术创建主要作物雄性不育杂交育种和制种的技术体系

吴锁伟^1,²,万向元^1,²(

)

1 北京科技大学生物前沿技术与应用研究中心化学与生物工程学院生物农业研究院北京 100024
2 北京首佳利华科技有限公司主要作物生物育种北京市工程实验室生物育种北京市国际科技合作基地北京 100192

Construction of Male-sterility System Using Biotechnology and Application in Crop Breeding and Hybrid Seed Production

Suo-wei WU^1,²,Xiang-yuan WAN^1,²(

)

1 Advanced Biotechnology and Application Research Center, Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
2 Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China

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摘要：

雄性不育技术在作物杂种优势利用和杂交种生产中发挥着重要作用。基于核质互作雄性不育的“三系法”与光温敏核不育的“两系法”已经在水稻等主要作物的杂交制种中获得了广泛应用,但是存在着资源利用效率低、育性不稳定、易受外界环境影响等诸多问题。近三十年来,利用生物技术创建不同类型的植物雄性不育系取得了一系列突破性进展。主要针对玉米、水稻、小麦三大作物的基因工程雄性不育技术的最新进展进行总结,特别详细地描述了本实验室最近研究创制的玉米多控不育技术体系,以期为相关研究和产业化应用提供技术参考。

关键词： 雄性不育; 基因工程; 杂种优势; 玉米; 水稻; 小麦

Abstract:

Male sterility plays an important role in hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production in crops. The three-line system and two-line system based on cytoplasmic male sterility and photo-thermo sensitive male sterility had been widely used in crop hybrid seed production. But there are some limitations such as low efficiency of germplasm utilization, unstable fertility in variable environmental condition. In the last three decades, many artificial manipulations of male sterility in plants have been accomplished by using genetic engineering or biotechnology strategies. The reported approaches used for generating artificial biotechnology male-sterile lines in the main three crops such as maize, rice and wheat are outlined. Especially, detail the multi-control sterility (MCS) system in maize designed by our laboratory recently is described. This will give some insights on the commercial application of male sterility in crop breeding and hybrid seed production.

Key words: Male sterility Genetic engineering Hybrid vigor Maize Rice Wheat

收稿日期: 2017-11-30 出版日期: 2018-01-31

ZTFLH:

Q785

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(31771875);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0102001, 2017YFD0101200);国家国际科技合作项目(2015DFA30640);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD01B02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(06500060);国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才特殊支持经费;北京市科技计划资助项目(Z161100000916013)

作者简介: 通讯作者万向元,电子信箱: wanxiangyuan@ustb.edu.cn

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引用本文:

吴锁伟,万向元. 利用生物技术创建主要作物雄性不育杂交育种和制种的技术体系[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2018, 38(1): 78-87.

Suo-wei WU,Xiang-yuan WAN. Construction of Male-sterility System Using Biotechnology and Application in Crop Breeding and Hybrid Seed Production. China Biotechnology, 2018, 38(1): 78-87.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20180110 或 https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2018/V38/I1/78

图1 玉米多控不育技术体系的整体技术路线

表1 本实验室为创建玉米多控不育技术体系所克隆的玉米隐性核不育基因

表2 本实验室为创建玉米多控不育保持系所构建的遗传转化商业化载体

图2 三个基于Ms7基因和ms7突变体的玉米多控不育转基因保持系表型[2]

图3 三个水稻智能不育保持系的穗部表型

图4 利用小麦断裂基因不育技术进行杂交小麦育种和制种的技术路线[8]

图5 玉米MCS和SPT技术的整体生产流程

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