中美转基因作物种植管理制度比较

doi:10.13523/j.cb.20170817

中国生物工程杂志

2017, Vol. 37

Issue (8): 119-127 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20170817

农业生物技术专栏

中美转基因作物种植管理制度比较

刘旭霞, 张楠

华中农业大学武汉 430070

Comparison of Regulation on GM Crops Cultivation Management in USA and China

LIU Xu-xia, ZHANG Nan

College of Humanities and Law, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

全文: PDF(533 KB) HTML

摘要： 十三五国家科技创新规划提出的"推进新型抗虫棉、抗虫玉米、抗除草剂大豆等重大产品产业化"，给转基因作物的种植管理提出了考验。由于商业化种植的转基因作物种类少，且不包括粮食作物，我国在转基因种植管理上经验不足。选取美国这一转基因作物种植大国作为比较对象，对比两国转基因作物种植前审批程序、种植者的管理义务、减少转基因作物与非转基因作物混杂的管理手段三个方面的差异，认为转基因作物的法律定性，知识产权制度和标识制度，各方主体实施隔离措施、承担损害的能力是差异生成的主要原因。我国宜结合国内的农业环境，在转基因生物安全管理布局上着眼于实质性的风险，并由农业主管部门、转基因作物研发主体、转基因作物种子经营主体合力对种植者进行指导，以避免混杂带来经济纠纷，并降低对生态环境的影响。

关键词： 隔离责任; 转基因作物; 种植审批制度; Fence-out规则

Abstract: The proposal to promote the commercialization of new insect-resistant GM cotton, GM corn and other major products in "13th Five Year Plan on National Science and Technology Innovation ", has put forward a test to the government's ability to manage GM crops cultivation. Only a few species of GM crops, not including food crops, have been commercialized in China, we lack experience in GM crops cultivation management. Taking USA, where the farmers cultivate huge areas of GM crops, as a comparison object, the examination and approval procedures before cultivation, GM crop growers' obligation of the management, the methods to reduce mingling of GM crops and non-GM crops are compared. And concludes that the differences in legal status of GM crops, the intellectual property regime and labeling regulation, the ability of relative stakeholders to implement segregation measures and bear loss lead to different regulation on GM crops cultivation management in USA and China. The government combine the domestic current situation of the agricultural environment in our country, and focus on substantial risk in the safety management of GM crops in cultivation management is advised. The competent department of agriculture, researchers and seed traders should work together to help guide growers to avoid the economic disputes due to mingling and reduce the impact on the ecological environment.

Key words: Obligation of segregation GM crops Examination and approval procedures for commercial cultivation Fence-out

收稿日期: 2017-03-11 出版日期: 2017-08-25

ZTFLH:

Q819

基金资助: 国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项资助项目（2016ZX08001001）

通讯作者: 刘旭霞 E-mail: liuxuxia@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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引用本文:

刘旭霞, 张楠. 中美转基因作物种植管理制度比较[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2017, 37(8): 119-127.

LIU Xu-xia, ZHANG Nan. Comparison of Regulation on GM Crops Cultivation Management in USA and China. China Biotechnology, 2017, 37(8): 119-127.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20170817 或 https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2017/V37/I8/119

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