Polymeric Nanomaterials Used in Oral Insulin Delivery Systems

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2209028

China Biotechnology

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (2/3): 43-53 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2209028

Polymeric Nanomaterials Used in Oral Insulin Delivery Systems

MA Pin-pin,XIONG Xiang-yuan^**(

)

College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China

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Abstract

Subcutaneous insulin is the most effective way to control blood sugar levels and plays a crucial role in the treatment of patients with type I and advanced type II diabetes. However, frequent subcutaneous injections bring great pain to patients, so for the treatment of diabetes, oral therapy is preferred at present. Oral insulin can mimic physiological insulin secretion and provide more comprehensive regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism, but the development of oral insulin administration is greatly hampered by gastrointestinal malabsorption. The rapid development nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDS) of has increased the possibility of oral insulin. Polymeric nanomaterials are important carrier materials in NDDS, which have been widely used to promote oral insulin absorption. They have the advantages of biodegradability, biocompatibility and storage stability, and their molecular chain is long and the structure is easy to be changed, modified and processed. The polymeric nanomaterials can protect the encapsulated insulin from the effects of acid denaturation and enzymatic degradation, promote the uptake of insulin by cells, and thus improve the bioavailability of insulin. This review discusses the main physiological obstacles to oral insulin and summarizes the research progress of polymer nanomaterials for oral insulin delivery in recent years.

Key words： Diabetes mellitus Polymeric nanoparticles Drug delivery systems Oral insulin

Received: 14 September 2022 Published: 31 March 2023

ZTFLH:

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Corresponding Authors: **Xiang-yuan XIONG E-mail: xy.xiong@qq.com

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Cite this article:

MA Pin-pin, XIONG Xiang-yuan. Polymeric Nanomaterials Used in Oral Insulin Delivery Systems. China Biotechnology, 2023, 43(2/3): 43-53.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2209028 OR https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2023/V43/I2/3/43

Fig.1 Structure and hypoglycemic effect of embedded insulin nanovesicles (a),(b) The possible schematic microstructure of FA-P85-PLGA and PLGA-P85-PLGA polymersomes (c)Blood glucose level versus time profiles oftest diabeticrats following the administration of different insulin formulations (d) Plasma insulin level versus time profiles of test diabetic rats following the administration of different insulin formulations^[26]

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of loading and release of insulin by the PEG-b-P(Asp-co-AspPBA)/ P(Asp-co-AspGA-co-AspNTA complex micelles

Fig.3 Glu-APD protects insulin and stabilizes drug release in an environment that mimics the gastrointestinal tract (a) Glutamic acid conjugated amphiphilic dendrimer (Glu-APD) (b) Cumulative amount of insulin released from Ins-P NPs and Ins-Glu-APD NPs in pH 1.2 and 6.8 (c) The percentage of insulin undegraded at different time points in pH 6.8 with trypsin^[36]

Fig.4 Schematic concept of hydrogels-CINs composite injection and the release of insulin

Fig.5 Intestinal amylase led to the degradation of the polymeric networks in the hydrogel

Table 1 Insulin delivery strategies from polymeric nanomaterials


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