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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2020, Vol. 40 Issue (12): 8-17    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2007039
新型冠状病毒检测与治疗     
COVID-19疫苗研究现状*
廖小艳1,陈丽丽1,2,**()
1南华大学公共卫生学院 衡阳 421001
2衡阳市新型冠状病毒核酸现场快速检测工程技术研究中心 衡阳 421001
The Progress in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine
LIAO Xiao-yan1,CHEN Li-li1,2,**()
1 College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001,China
2 Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center for Spot Rapid Diagnosis for 2019-nCoV, Hengyang 421001, China
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摘要：

2019年底于中国武汉暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情来势凶猛,迅速蔓延全球,并被世界卫生组织列为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,给全人类的健康及经济发展造成难以估量的损害。新型冠状病毒对人群普遍易感且传染性强,在无特效药物及治疗手段的情况下,疫苗接种是防控COVID-19疫情最有效且最经济的途径。目前全球疫苗研发正在加速进行,各国之间通力合作,共同应对此次疫情。主要对目前正在研发的针对SARS-CoV-2的灭活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、基因工程重组亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗的研究进展进行综述。
关键词： SARS-CoV-2;  COVID-19;  疫苗    
Abstract:

Breaking out in Wuhan, China at the end of year 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread around the world. It was listed as a “public health emergency of international concern” by WHO and has caused incalculable damage to human health and economic development. Humans are generally susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. In the lack of specific drugs and treatments, vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent and control COVID-19. At present, the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed in many countries, which work together to cope with the epidemic. This paper mainly reviews the research advances in the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, i.e., inactivated vaccine, viral vector vaccine, genetic engineering recombinant subunit vaccine, and nucleic acid vaccine.
Key words: SARS-CoV-2    COVID-19    Vaccine
收稿日期: 2020-07-22 出版日期: 2021-01-14
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: * 衡阳市科技计划资助项目(衡财教指[2020]67号)
通讯作者: 陈丽丽     E-mail: chlili720612@163.com
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引用本文:

廖小艳,陈丽丽. COVID-19疫苗研究现状*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2020, 40(12): 8-17.

LIAO Xiao-yan,CHEN Li-li. The Progress in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine. China Biotechnology, 2020, 40(12): 8-17.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2007039    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2020/V40/I12/8

疫苗研发平台 国家 疫苗类型 研发者 合作单位 临床进展 优缺点
灭活疫苗 中国 灭活疫苗 北京科兴中维 中国医学科学院 Ⅲ 期 技术路线成熟、早期研发速度快、质控点和评价方法较明确,安全性较好等优点,但其需多次接种以维持足够的免疫效力
中国 灭活疫苗 北京生物制品研究所 中国CDC Ⅲ 期
中国 灭活疫苗 武汉生物制品研究所 武汉病毒研究所 Ⅲ 期
中国 灭活疫苗 中国医学科学院
医学生物学研究所		 / Ⅱ 期
哈萨克斯坦 灭活疫苗 哈萨克斯坦生物
安全问题研究所		 / Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
印度 灭活疫苗 巴拉特生物技术公司 / Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
中国 灭活疫苗 北京民海生物科技
有限公司		 / Ⅰ 期
病毒载体疫苗 英国 非复制型腺病毒
载体疫苗		 牛津大学 阿斯利康 Ⅲ 期 易于生产制备,无需佐剂,安全性相对较高,可诱导产生细胞和粘膜免疫反应,但人群中普遍存在针对腺病毒的中和抗体,可能会影响疫苗的保护效果
中国 Ad5腺病毒载体疫苗 军事科学院 康希诺 Ⅲ 期
俄罗斯 非复制型腺病毒载体疫苗 加马利亚研究所 / Ⅲ 期
美国 非复制型腺病毒载体疫苗 Johnson&Johnson / Ⅲ 期
美国 非复制型腺病毒载体疫苗 ImmunityBio NantKwest Ⅰ 期
意大利、德国、 非复制型腺病毒载体疫苗 ReiThera LEUKOCARE、 Ⅰ 期
比利时 Univercells
美国 Ad5佐剂口服疫苗 Vaxart / Ⅰ 期
德国 非复制型病毒载体 慕尼黑大学 / Ⅰ 期
美国 复制型病毒载体 默沙东 IAVI Ⅰ 期
法、美、奥地利 复制型病毒载体 巴斯德研究所 匹兹堡大学、
Themis、默沙东		 Ⅰ 期
中国 复制型病毒载体 万泰生物 厦门大学 Ⅰ 期
疫苗研发平台 国家 疫苗类型 研发者 合作单位 临床进展 优缺点
基因工程重组
亚单位疫苗		 美国 重组S蛋白纳米
颗粒疫苗		 Novavax / Ⅲ 期 不含病毒基因组,安全性比灭活疫苗更高,但其免疫效果较差,需多剂次接种或添加免疫佐剂以增强免疫效果
中国 三聚体亚单位S疫苗 智飞龙康生物制药 中科院微生物研究所 Ⅱ 期
美国 重组蛋白 肯塔基州生物加工公司 / Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
法国 重组蛋白 赛诺菲-巴斯德 / Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
中、英、美国 加佐剂重组蛋白 三叶草生物制药 葛兰素史克、Dynavax Ⅰ 期
澳大利亚、韩国 加AdvAXTM佐剂
重组S蛋白		 Vaxine Medytox Ⅰ 期
澳大利亚 MF59佐剂重组S蛋白 昆士兰大学 CSL/Seqirus Ⅰ 期
台湾、美国 重组蛋白 高端疫苗生物制剂
股份有限公司		 NIAID、Dynavax Ⅰ 期
古巴 重组蛋白 芬利疫苗研究所 / Ⅰ 期
俄罗斯 重组蛋白 FBRI SRC VB VECTOR / Ⅰ 期
中国 重组蛋白 四川大学华西医院 / Ⅰ 期
德国 重组蛋白 图宾根大学医院 / Ⅰ 期
巴西、美国 重组蛋白 COVAXX / Ⅰ 期
核酸疫苗 美国 mRNA疫苗 Moderna 美国国立过敏与
传染病研究所		 Ⅲ 期 生产成本低、容易纯化、可产生同种异株交叉保护、免疫保护力强,但目前尚无上市的核酸类疫苗,其安全性有待考究
德、美、中国 mRNA疫苗 BioNTech 复星医药、辉瑞 Ⅲ 期
德国 mRNA疫苗 Curevac / Ⅱ 期
美国 DNA疫苗 Inovio制药 艾棣维欣、康泰生物 Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
韩国 DNA疫苗 Genexine协会 / Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
日本 DNA疫苗 大阪大学 AnGes、Takara Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
印度 DNA疫苗 卡迪拉医疗有限公司 / Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
美国、新加坡 mRNA疫苗 Arcturus 杜克-新加坡国立大学 Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期
英国 LNP-nCoVsaRNA疫苗 帝国理工学院 / Ⅰ 期
中国 mRNA疫苗 军事科学院 沃森生物技术公司 Ⅰ 期
病毒样颗
粒疫苗		 英国、印度 RBD-HBsAg VLPs SpyBiotech 印度血清研究所 Ⅰ/Ⅱ 期 保留了天然病毒颗粒的空间构象和相应抗原表位,可激发体液免疫、细胞免疫和黏膜免疫,但其往往需要添加佐剂,且安全性和效能有待验证
加拿大 添加佐剂的植物
源性VLP		 Medicago / Ⅰ 期
表1  已进入临床试验阶段的COVID-19疫苗
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