25 July 2009, Volume 29 Issue 07
    

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  • MO Yan, LI Li-Ling, XIE Qiu-Ling, GUO Chu-Jun, QIN Li, ZHANG Yong-Cang, CHEN Xiao-Jia
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 1-6.
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    Abstract Orjective:To obtain recombinant CHO-K1 with expressing sPDGFRα and to identify the biological activities of sPDGFRα secreted in non-serum medium. Methods:Recombinant human sPDGFRα expression vector pIRES-Neo3-sPDGFRα-Fc was constructed and then transfected into CHO-K1 cells by using LipofectamineTM 2000. After screened with G418 in 8 weeks, some monoclone cells were selected randomly to amplify in 96-well-plate to 24-well-plates, and then to identify positive cell clones by RT-PCR. Furthermore, the candidate cell clones were test by Real-Time PCR and Western blot assays. Finally, anti-proliferation activities of the expressed sPDGFRα were analyzed by MTT. Results: sPDGFRα-Fc was cloned into pIRES-Neo3 correctly. The sPDGFRα-Fc expression level in recombinant CHO-K1 cell clones were concordant in between Realtime PCR and Western blot assay. sPDGFRα-Fc obtained from cultured non-serum medium of positive CHO-K1 could significantly inhibit proliferation of vascular endothelial cell.Conclusion:Successed to select recombinant CHO-K1 cell lines with high expressed sPDGFRα-Fc. The sPDGFRα-Fc can inhibit the cell proliferation significantly and it means sPDGFRα-Fc might be a new anti-cancer drug in the future.

  • HE Ying-1, HONG Ju-1, 2, ZHANG Zhi-Cheng-1, LIU Xue-Ting-1, HONG An-1, 2
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 7-11.
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    Abstract The gene of soluble ectodomain of FGFR2IIIc (sFGFR2IIIc) was cloned into pET3c, and expressed as inclusion bodies in E.coli. The inclusion bodies were refolded by dialysis and then purified. The purity of sFGFR2IIIc was more than 95% after heparin affinity chromatography. The result of co-IP indicated that the product was able to bind FGF2, and the proliferation of prostate cancer DU145 cells line was inhibited by sFGFR2IIIc in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner by MTT assay. Moreover, the phosphorylation of FGFRs on the cell membrane could be downregulated dramatically after treatment with sFGFR2IIIc. The results suggested that sFGFR2IIIc could inhibit the proliferation of DU145 cells through blocking the cell signaling of FGFs.
  • ZHANG Lin-1, HU Zhi-Meng-2, FA Ping-Ping-2, LIANG Zhong-Gun-2, GAO Ji-Min-1, 2
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 12-16.
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    Abstract Objective: To prepare and characterize streptavidin-tagged human interleukin-2 (SA-hIL2) fusion protein. Methods: pET24a-6His-SA-hIL2 plasmid was constructed and expressed in BL 21(DE3) host bacteria to generate fusion protein. The recombinant fusion protein SA-hIL2 was purified through the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and then refolded. The efficiency of surface modification of the fusion protein on the biotinylated B16.F10 tumor cells was evaluated by a flow cytometer. CCK-8 method was used to determine the proliferating effect of SA-hIL2 fusion protein on human peripheral-blood lymphocyte (PBL) cells stimulated by PHA. Results: The recombinant SA-hIL2 fusion protein was highly expressed in BL21(DE3) at up to 20% of total bacterial proteins. The fusion protein SA-hIL2 exhibited the bi-functionality: proliferation promoting activity of hIL-2 on PBL cells, and SA-mediated high-affinity binding to the biotinylated surface of B16.F10 cells with about 95% surface modification efficiency. Conclusion: SA-IL2 bi-functional fusion protein was generated, which will make feasible the development of hIL2-surtface-modified cancer cell vaccine.
  • XUE Fang-1, CHENG Zhi-Yong-2, YANG Lin-1, LI Shi-Hui-3, ZHANG Ying-1, BO Ling-1
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 17-21.
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    Abstract Objective:To establish a human multi-drug resistant leukemia cell line U937/ADR and investigate its biological characterization. Methods:Adriamycin resistant leukemia cell line U937/ADR was produced by high dose and short term methods; The cell growth and resistant index was tested by MTT; The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry (FCM); Drug excretion was tested by rhodamine123 (Rho123); MDR1, MRP1, NF-Κb, Bcl-2, Bax mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescent relative-quantification reverse transcriptional PCR (FQ-PCR); P-gp, MRP1, Akt, p-Akt and p65 protein levels were detected by Western blot. Results: Drug resistant cell line U937/ADR was successfully established and the ADR resistant index was 11 fold than U937 cells. The doubling time of U937/ADR cells were 43.6h and longer than that of U937 cells. Cell cycle showed that the G0/G1 phase cells increased and G2/M phase cells decreased in U937/ADR cells and it showed the cross resistant to many drugs and drug excretion increased. MDR1, NF-Κb, Bcl-2 mRNA and P-gp, P65, Bcl-2 and p-Akt protein increased in U937/ADR cells. Conclusion: The biological characterizations of U937/ADR were different to those of U937, which showed the cross resistant to many drugs and over-expression of the P-gp, activated NF-Kb and p-Akt.
  • ZHANG Lei-1, YANG Xin-Yuan-2, AN Xiao-Rong-2, CHEN Yong-Fu-2
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 22-26.
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    Abstract Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily, has been shown to be a negative regulator of myogenesis. Natural mutation in beef cattle causes double-muscling phenotypes. An investigation designed to knock out the myostatin gene by gene targeting in ovine myoblast cells were reported. Two promoter-trap targeting vectors MSTN-GFP and MSTN-Neo were constructed and used to transfect fetal and neonatal ovine primary myoblast cells. Both GFP expressing cells and drug resistant cells were obtained. Targeted cells expressing GFP were confirmed by PCR assay and drug resistant cells were characterized by PCR, Southern blot and DNA sequnce detection after growing into cell clones. That would supply nuleus transplantation donator for myostatin gene targetted somatic cloning sheep.
  • GONG Ye-Chi-1, WANG Lin-2, GENG Jian-Ling-2, LIU Ying-2, JIA Huan-Zhang-1
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 27-32.
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    Abstract Objective: To enhance the expression level of human papillomavirus (HPV)16 L1 through Baculovirus Expression System, in order to lay a foundation of development of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Methods:The codon usage of wild type HPV16L1 gene was optimized according to the codon bias of insect cells. In order to infect both Sf9 and High Five insect cells, the recombinant baculovirus was obtained using Baculovirus Expression System. The expressed product was identified by Western blot;The virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV16 was confirmed by electron microscopy;And ELISA was used to evaluate the effect of the optimized gene as well as to determine the optimal expression condition. Results: The expressed protein, with a relative molecular mass of 56kDa, showed specific reaction with HPV16L1 antiserum;The intranuclear VLPs of HPV16L1 were observed by electron microscopy; The result of ELISA indicated that the expression level of optimized HPV16L1 gene was significantly higher than the wild type; And the optimal expression condition for High Five cells was determined as MOI 10 and expression phase 72 hours, in which the L1 protein was expressed at least 3 times higher than that in sf9 cells. Conclusion: Codon optimization could indeed enhance the expression level of HPV16L1 gene in insect cells.The significant advantage of High Five cells was worth attention.
  • BIAN Ming-Di, DENG Chuan, BAI Zhong-Xi
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 33-36.
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    Abstract Abstract LRR-RLKs plays an important role in multiple signal transduction in plant. One full-length cDNA encoding a LRR-RLKs homologue was isolated from maize through in silico cloning and named as ZmLRRPK1 ( GenBank accession:EU873320 ). The predicted ZmLRRPK1 protein has 594 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 66kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.42. ZmLRRPK1 has the typical domain of LRR-RLKs. RT-PCR analysis indicated that ZmLRRPK1 expression was induced by ABA, mannitol and salt in coleoptiles of maize and kept high level during 24 hours.
  • LIU Dan-Juan- Li-Xiu-Lan
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 37-42.
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    Abstract The use of optimal regulatory sequences for simultaneous expression of the transgenes might play a significant role in engineering plants with increased disease and insect resistance. The plant expression vector pOMS-GUS, which contained the GUS gene under the control of a chimeric promoter based upon the mannopine synthase (mas) promoter and the octopine synthase (ocs) enhancer, was constructed. Used as control, another vector pMAS-GUS, carried the GUS gene driven by only the mas promoter. The two vectors were introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Fluorometric assays for GUS activity and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that GUS gene expressed weakly with untreated transgenic tobacco while the level of GUS activity increased steadily after 1 h subjected to wounding. The expression of the mas and ocs/mas promoters was induced a further 1.8-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively. SA(1 mmol/L) or MJ(250 μmol/L) treatment also caused a large induction of the ocs/mas chimeric promoter;And the application of SA in combination with MJ(1 mmol/LSA & 250 μmol/L MJ) produced an additive effect that exceeded the wounding response. The results showed that the ocs/mas chimeric promoter is a strong inducible promoter that can be activated by various stresses. The chimeric promoter should have utility in development of disease and insect resistant transgenic crops.
  • YI Le-Fei- Wang-Ping- Zhou-Xiang-Gong- Liu-Chu-Wu
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 43-49.
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    Abstract Drought, salinity and low temperature are the most abiotic stresses that make agriculture production reduction. The S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) gene (SAMS) is closely connected to tolerance to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, SAMS-overexpressing plant can be more tolerant to drought, salinity and low temperature. So investigation of SAMS is important to illustrate mechanism of tolerance to abiotic stresses, and to improve transgenic plant resistance through biotechnology. Isolation and characterization of cDNA of Porphyra yezoensis S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase gene (PySAMS) was reported. SAMS from other organisms was used as a probe to search the P. yezoensis dbEST. ESTs showing great similarity to CSase were assembled into contig. According to the open reading frame of contig, the primers were designed. Total RNA was isolated from thallus of P. yezoensis. And the cDNA sequence (GenBank accession: FJ404748) of PySAMS was isolated successfully through experiment of RT-PCR. The cDNA contains an 1155nt of continuous complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 384 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 41.8kDa. Sequence comparison of the PySAMS reveals high amino acid sequence identity with SAMS from other organism, such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa.PySAMS contains conserved amino acids residue and sequences motifs closely related to function of SAMS enzyme, and possess highly similar tertiary structure with human SAMS. So like other SAMS, PySAMS plays an important role in tolerance to abiotic stresses in P. yezoensis, and is a key enzyme of cell activity.
  • LUO Qing-Ju- Li-Jie- Yan-Gong-Xia- Lei-Xue-Jing- Lv-Yu-Min- Xue-Le-Xun
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 50-55.
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    Abstract To identify whether a highly repeated GT sequence from DCA1 promoter from Dunaliella salina, which have been proved to be a salt-inducible promoter in our previous study, would be a salt-inducible regulation element, different primers were designed to amplify 6 different-length fragments of DCA1 promoter from D.salina by PCR. After these fragments were respectively inserted into the HindⅢ-BamH I sites of the vector pUΩGUS, serial expression vectors containing the gus gene were generated.D.salina cells transformed with these recombinant plasmids by electroporation were grown in liquid media containing different concentrations of sodium chloride respectively. GUS enzyme activity was measured histochemically and fluorometrically. The results revealed that 3 fragments containing GT repeated sequence drove the external gus gene expression and the expression pattern of the gus gene was regulated by the concentrations of sodium chloride. Additionally, the 2 fragments without tandem GT sequence drove the gus gene expression, but the expression pattern of the gus gene wasn’t regulated by the concentration of sodium chloride; Also, the upstream fragment of the tandem GT sequence wasn’t able to drive the gus gene expression. In conclusion, the highly repeated GT sequence from the DCA1 promoter plays an important role in the salt-inducible regulation of DCA1 promoter from D.salina and might be a novel salt-inducible element.
  • China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 56-61.
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    Abstract The effect of surfactants on the production of recombinant extracellular α-CGTase in E.coli was studied. The result indicated that the optimum concentration of Tween-80 and Triton X-100 are 2% and 0.5% when addition time of surfactant was performed at the beginning of culture. In such condition, α-CGTase activity of culture supernatant reached 2.03 U/ml for Tween-80 and 4.92 U/ml for Triton X-100 and were respectively 4.6 and 12.67 higher than that without addition of surfactant. The different addition time during culture stage could not further improve the yield. When adding 0.02% SDS at 20 h culture, the final yield of enzyme could reach to 5.31 U/ml, which was 12.75 times higher than that of control. The enhanced extracellular secretion of α-CGTase by surfactants is possibly caused by the increasing of the cell membrane pemeabilization of E.coli.
  • SHAO Gong-Wei- Zhang-Wen-Feng- Hu-Jing-Lian- Chen-Han- Tun-Feng-Lin- Huang-Shu-Lin
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 62-67.
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    Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of paraformaldehyde fixation on measuring the protein-protein interaction by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to resolve the problem of FRET efficiency calculation in excess-movement cells. Methods: The C terminals of TCR α chain (TRA) and TCR β chain (TRB) genes, which were ideal for protein-protein interaction research, were fused with ECFP and EYFP gene respectively by fusion PCR and transferred into target cell. A grou Pcells were fixed in paraformaldehyde (0.5%) for 0.5~1h and another left alive, then these cells were subject to ECFP/EYFP FRET calculation with confocal laser scanning microscope. The ECFP/EYFP FRET efficiencies in live and fixed cell were analyzed and compared. Results: There is no significant statistical difference between the ECFP/EYFP FRET efficiencies of live cell and cell fixed with lower paraformaldehyde concentration and shorter incubation time. Conclusion: fixation with low-concentration paraformaldehyde and short-time incubation has no distinct influence on measuring protein-protein interaction, and facilitated the FRET calculation in excess-movement cells.
  • FU Lu-1, HUANG Hui-2, CHEN Shu-Yang-1, CHU Bei-1, LIU Jing-1
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 68-73.
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    Abstract Single-chain Chimeric Anti-ErbB2 Antibody chA21 was constructed in our libratory, which could be a drug candidate for breast cancer therapy. chA21 from engineered CHO cells were cultured in the packed bed bioreactor. To establish mass-scale purification technology, culture supernatant was collected and purified in a sequence of downstream processing steps, namely, affinity chromatography, desalting, ion exchange chromatography and molecular sieve chromatography; and its quality was all analyzed according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (VolumeⅢ, 2005 Edition). By the developed mass-scale procedure, formed aggregates could be removed effetely; endotoxins and residual DNA were also extracted. 20~40L of culture supernatant could be treated in a single operation and more than 5g of chA21 was purified. The purify rate reached more than 98% and the total recovery rate was over 50%. So the purify rate of the produce technics was high and quality inspection methods were stability and reliable, which could be suitable in large-scale production of chA21.
  • DENG Yong-Kang-1, TUN Min-Lu-2, LIU Cheng-Bang-1, DU Lin-Fang-1, WU Li-Li-1, LI Man-1, MENG Yan-Fa-1
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 74-79.
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    Abstract Using lactose as a succedaneous inducer of IPTG to induce the expression of Candida utilis uricase gene cloned in E.coli JM109(DE3) was deeply investigated for establishing a high-performance but low-cost method of recombinant uricase production. The adopted lactose concentration for induction, the time point of induction, the duration of induction and the dynamics of uricase expression were optimized and studied in detail by shake flask experiment. The results of optimization were verified by enlarged fermentation in 5 L fermentor and then lactose was used as the inducer in the high density fermentation. As showed by the experiments, the best inducing concentration of lactose was 5 g/L, the midanaphase of logarithmic phase was the best time for induction and the duration of induction were 9~10h; according to the optimum conditions, compared with IPTG, both in the shake flask and 5 L fermentor with batch culture, the better inducing effect could be obtained: the expression level of uricase was about 26% of the total bacterial protein and about 36% of the soluble protein, the final cell density(OD600) was over 40 in the 5 L fermentor and uricase expression level was about 25% with high density fermentation.
  • LIU Xiao-Di, DU Ning, GUO Li-Hong
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 80-86.
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    Abstract The intraspecies quorum sensing system of Streptococcus mutans is involved with com genes family. ComE is a kind of response regulator and act as a promoter to the quorum sensing genes.S.mutans comE mutant strain IFD140ΔcomE was constructed using the inframe-deletion system via twice homologous recombination. In current genetic studies of S.mutans, insertion duplication and allelic exchange mutagenesis techniques routinely create polar effects to downstream genes. In-frame deletions are essentially free of these polar effects because the mutation does not introduce any genetic markers. By PCR, sequencing and RT-PCR, it was confirmed that IFD140ΔcomE has only 717bp deleted within the comE gene and the transcription of the downstream gene comD was not interfered. The research of the morphological characteristics indicated that IFD140ΔcomE formed clumps and cells accumulated at the bottom of the glass tubes and light-microscopic observations displayed that the mutant strain formed significantly longer chains compared to those formed by the wild strain. The successfully construction of IFD140ΔcomE lay a foundation for further quorum sensing research.
  • WANG Jian, WANG Ze-Jian, HUANG Meng-Zhi, JIAN Jiang-Chao, CHU Ju, ZHANG Si-Liang
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 87-93.
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    Abstract 13C metabolic flux analysis (13CMFA) have been the research hotspots of metabolic engineering internationally due to its accuracy and applicability.It is vital that the measurement of 13C labelling pattern of proteinogenic amino acids for 13C metabolic flux analysis.To acquire 13C-labelling proteinogenic amino acids,Pseudomonas denitrifican which products Vitamin B12 was firstly fed with mimimal culture medium contained 20% U-13C and 80% natural glucose,after the culture reached a steady state, then about 20 mg biomass was hydrolyzed by 1 ml of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid for 24h at 110℃.Then amino acids was separated,concentrated, evaporated in a vacuum, and derivatized with MBDSTFA, TBDMS-derivatized amino acids can be observed by GC-MS last we get 13C labelling pattern of fifteen aminio acids through mass spectrum.The experimental methods and sample preparation offers referential value for the development of 13C metabolic flux analysis in our courtry.

  • HAO Da-Cheng-1, 2, XIAO Pei-Gen-2
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 94-101.
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    Abstract Functional expression of human cytochrome P450(P450,CYP)in E.coli is important for new drug R&D, clinical drug therapy and the study of early ADME/T properties. Escherichia coli is the most extensively utilized host in the production of recombinant human P450 enzymes. However, it is challenging to obtain sufficient P450s with catalytic activity.Depict current developments in the heterologous expression of human P450 enzymes, strategies for the expression of human P450s in E.coli, factors affecting highlevel expression, and coexpression. The recent works of authors in expression optimization are also reviewed.
  • WANG Ceng-1, MA Hui-Qi-1, ZHANG Wen-1, CHEN Chang-Wu-2
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 102-107.
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    Abstract Expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli often results inclusion bodies, an aggregation form of inactive proteins. Functional proteins can only be gained through a series of steps including washing, solubilization and refolding. The inclusion body purification strategy and chromatographic refolding techniques including size exclusion chromatography, affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, immobilized liposome chromatography, and expanded bed adsorption chromatography were summarized in this review.
  • ZHANG Yu-Xiu-1, WANG Jiao-1, WANG Dan-2, JI Feng-1
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 108-117.
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    Abstract Bio-based succinic acid could release the dependence of petroleum that is non-renewable resource, and is benefit for society, economy and environment. Escherichia coli naturally produces succinic acid as a minor fermentation product, however, its genetic background is quite clear and modified easily by genetic engineering for bio-based succinic acid industrialization. In recent years, researchers focused on the metabolic pathway of succinic acid, and a variety of genetic approaches were developed to reconstruct Escherichia coli, such as overexpression of the endogenous or heterologous CO2-fixing enzymes in Escherichia coli directed the carbon flow to succinic acid, inactivation of the competing pathways of succinic acid production, as well as construction of the glyoxylate shunt and aerobic system for succinic acid production, the production of succinic acid was increased significantly. Here, the advancement of succinic acid production in Escherichia coli by genetic engineering was reviewed.
  • JIA Jin-Lan, MO Min-Xi, WANG Run-Min, LIU Feng, LI Li, HUANG Bin, QIU Guan-Zhou
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 118-126.
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    Abstract Microalgae biodiesel can solve these problems currently of plants materials, such as: shortage of arable land, impact of climate change for production and to lead high crop prices and so on. Constructing "engineered microalgae" through transgenic technology, the microalgae have capacity of high growth, shorter periods of growth and several times higher oil production than terrestrial plants. Furthermore, sea water can be as its natural medium for industrial production. The advantages of microalgae biodiesel, current status and progress of researches on engineered microalgae as well as product technologies of microalgal biodiesel was introduced.
  • JIANG Xi-Ran, LI Wen-Li
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 127-133.
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    Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising new source of renewable biofuel that can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.Researches have been done over the last decades.And considerable progress has been made.The abilities and pathways of natural microorganisms to produce ethanol from cellulose are different.So the researches of reconstructing and recombinating the useful genes from different strains are of great significance to improve the yield of ethanol production and reduce the cost.The characteristics and mechanisms of natural ethanologenic strains and the research progress of constructing recombinant strains was introduced and also analyzed the perspectives and challenges.
  • DIAO Guo-Zhen, XIONG Xiang-Feng, CHEN Chao-Yin
    China Biotechnology. 2009, 29(07): 134-139.
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    Abstract To summarize the present situation of research on amylolytic lactic acid bacteria and its amylase,and the fermentation technology of amylolytic lactic acid bacteria.The amylolytic lactic acid bacteria have the ability of secreting amylase,can direct ferment starchy material into lactic acid without hydrolysising processes, simplify the production process, and saving the equipment investment, thereby, decrease the cost of production. Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented food, or from organic waste and kitchen waste.The mechanism of direct utilize starch raw materials by the amylolytic lactic acid bacteria were introduced, the fermentation technology of amylolytic lactic acid bacteria were compared. Meanwhile it was pointed out that through mutation breeding and genetic engineering methods gain the potent amylolytic lactic acid bacteria,and use the advanced fermentation and separation technology can improve the productivity of lactic acid.