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中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (11): 5-17    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2209029
    
Diversity Evaluation of Dendrobium nobile Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
ZHANG Ben-hou1,2,HU Yan-hua2,NIU Zhi-tao1,LI Chao1,OU Jiang-tao1,XUE Qing-yun1,LIU Wei1,CHEN Ji-shuang2,DING Xiao-yu1,**()
1 College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2 Dafeng Marine Industrial Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Yancheng 224100, China
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Abstract  

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is an important cash crop in China, which has medicinal and ornamental value. Statistical analysis and diversity evaluation of phenotypic traits such as plant morphology, flowers, stomata and content of active components were carried out on 17 populations of wild D. nobile, and phylogenetic clustering analysis was carried out. The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic traits among different populations of D. nobile, and the germplasm resources were rich in genetic diversity. Further, systematic cluster analysis was conducted using 7 phenotypic traits with low coefficient of variation as parameters. When the Euclidean distance was 10, D. nobile populations were divided into 3 groups, of which Hainan Baisha population was an independent group, indicating that island isolation hindered gene exchange and made a great contribution to the biodiversity of D. nobile. The Hainan island provides an important place for the in situ protection of D. nobile germplasm resources and the effective maintenance of genetic resources. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the protection and utilization of D. nobile germplasm resources.

Key words： Dendrobium nobile Lindl.      Germplasm resources      Phenotypic traits      Genetic diversity     
Received: 14 September 2022      Published: 07 December 2022
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ZHANG Ben-hou
HU Yan-hua
NIU Zhi-tao
LI Chao
OU Jiang-tao
XUE Qing-yun
LIU Wei
CHEN Ji-shuang
DING Xiao-yu
Cite this article:

ZHANG Ben-hou, HU Yan-hua, NIU Zhi-tao, LI Chao, OU Jiang-tao, XUE Qing-yun, LIU Wei, CHEN Ji-shuang, DING Xiao-yu. Diversity Evaluation of Dendrobium nobile Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(11): 5-17.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2209029     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2022/V42/I11/5

编码 采样点 样本数/株 经度E 纬度N 海拔/m
GXBS 百色,中国广西壮族自治区 15 106°61' 23°91' 202
GXJX 金秀,中国广西壮族自治区 12 110°19' 24°13' 906
GXBY 宾阳,中国广西壮族自治区 13 108°80' 23°22' 117
GXRX 容县,中国广西壮族自治区 15 110°55' 22°89' 121
YNBS 保山,中国云南省 11 99°14' 25°11' 1 872
YNHH 红河,中国云南省 12 103°36' 23°32' 1 405
YNLC 临沧,中国云南省 15 100°06' 23°87' 1 760
YNPE 普洱,中国云南省 13 100°96' 22°83' 1 378
GZCS 赤水,中国贵州省 14 105°68' 28°59' 289
GZLB 荔波,中国贵州省 13 107°87' 25°41' 475
XZCY 察隅,中国西藏自治区 13 97°46' 28°65' 2 691
XZMT 墨脱,中国西藏自治区 15 95°33' 29°33' 1 008
SCLS 凉山,中国四川省 13 102°32' 27°91' 1 868
SCXC 西昌,中国四川省 16 101°73' 27°20' 2 162
HNBS 白沙,中国海南省 12 109°43' 19°17' 391
LW 老挝国 13 102°49' 19°85' 685
MD 缅甸国 15 95°84' 22°24' 617
Table 1 Specimens used in this study with their localities of collection
Fig.1 Structure of Dendrobium nobile flower
Fig.2 Morphology of Dendrobium nobile in 17 populations
编码 叶片长/cm 叶片宽/cm 株高/cm 节间长/cm 茎粗/mm
GXBS 10.32±1.07 2.43±0.18 20.89±1.49 3.31±0.22 9.33±0.91
GXJX 8.38±0.60 2.41±0.21 15.25±1.36 2.58±0.18 9.86±0.61
GXBY 11.42±1.06 1.96±0.18 29.47±2.17 3.67±0.10 6.89±0.52
GXRX 7.63±0.34 2.23±0.31 15.86±1.44 2.88±021 7.74±0.33
YNBS 11.54±1.06 3.02±0.37 31.38±2.94 3.93±0.34 12.82±1.18
YNHH 11.09±0.67 2.29±0.19 28.26±2.62 2.90±0.19 10.94±1.07
YNLC 10.85±0.49 2.57±0.23 30.62±2.74 3.38±0.28 10.70±1.50
YNPE 8.91±0.73 1.98±0.13 19.26±1.25 2.38±0.19 8.60±0.87
GZCS 7.77±0.51 1.82±0.12 21.38±1.29 3.30±0.32 8.03±0.59
GZLB 7.48±0.62 1.71±0.13 38.63±2.63 3.89±0.12 11.05±1.11
XZCY 8.79±0.50 2.27±0.10 17.13±1.42 3.49±0.22 8.88±0.42
XZMT 7.62±0.63 1.54±0.11 30.55±2.28 2.03±0.15 6.30±0.52
SCLS 10.02±1.16 2.21±0.09 16.02±1.41 3.14±0.12 9.03±0.96
SCXC 7.95±0.51 1.84±0.15 19.68±1.55 2.89±0.32 11.76±1.15
HNBS 10.16±0.93 2.04±0.18 40.63±4.46 3.09±0.20 8.08±0.51
LW 11.69±1.04 2.72±0.18 39.39±3.50 3.32±0.16 12.71±0.85
MD 9.37±0.88 1.85±0.12 44.17±3.86 4.09±0.37 10.43±0.92
Table 2 Morphological data of Dendrobium nobile in 17 populations
编码 叶片长 叶片宽 株高 节间长 茎粗
GXBS 10.37 7.41 7.13 6.65 9.75
GXJX 7.16 8.71 8.92 6.98 6.19
GXBY 9.28 9.18 7.36 2.72 7.55
GXRX 4.46 13.90 9.08 7.29 4.26
YNBS 9.19 12.25 9.37 8.65 9.20
YNHH 6.04 8.30 9.27 6.55 9.78
YNLC 4.52 8.95 8.95 8.28 14.02
YNPE 8.19 6.57 6.49 7.98 10.12
GZCS 6.56 6.59 6.03 9.70 7.35
GZLB 8.29 7.60 6.81 3.08 10.05
XZCY 5.69 4.41 8.29 6.30 4.73
XZMT 8.27 7.14 7.46 7.39 8.25
SCLS 11.58 4.07 8.80 3.82 10.63
SCXC 6.42 8.15 7.88 11.07 9.78
HNBS 9.15 8.82 10.98 6.47 6.31
LW 8.90 6.62 8.89 4.82 6.69
MD 9.39 6.49 8.74 9.05 8.82
均值 7.85 7.95 8.26 6.87 8.44
Table 3 Variation coefficient of morphological data of Dendrobium nobile
编码 花径/cm 花梗长/cm 唇瓣长/cm 唇瓣宽/cm 花瓣长/cm 花瓣宽/cm 萼片长/cm 萼片宽/cm
GXBS 8.03±0.62 4.52±0.33 2.41±0.16 2.49±0.12 4.01±0.31 2.25±0.11 4.12±0.21 1.29±0.08
GXJX 8.21±0.84 5.08±0.44 3.13±0.24 3.22±0.31 4.16±0.22 2.25±0.14 4.36±0.33 1.53±0.03
GXBY 7.92±0.84 4.55±0.17 2.91±0.18 2.59±0.25 4.03±0.26 2.15±0.21 4.22±0.33 1.21±0.11
GXRX 7.32±0.88 4.64±0.18 2.88±0.22 2.46±0.20 3.42±0.34 2.18±0.30 3.92±0.50 1.18±0.12
YNBS 8.12±0.92 5.12±0.35 2.93±0.31 2.62±0.19 4.25±0.29 2.26±0.17 3.88±0.41 1.31±0.09
YNHH 8.20±0.78 4.99±0.62 2.68±0.28 2.82±0.17 3.97±0.54 2.21±0.16 3.64±0.32 1.38±0.03
YNLC 8.16±0.66 5.23±0.71 2.38±0.19 2.59±0.33 4.12±0.42 2.19±0.20 3.82±0.18 1.29±0.08
YNPE 8.05±0.92 5.46±0.54 2.73±0.17 2.56±0.21 3.89±0.33 2.27±0.22 4.02±0.26 1.48±0.09
GZCS 7.68±0.91 4.48±0.33 2.93±0.25 3.01±0.15 3.64±0.30 2.22±0.14 3.58±0.35 1.71±0.14
GZLB 7.75±0.75 4.56±0.58 2.95±0.31 2.68±0.22 3.59±0.18 2.18±0.16 3.67±0.34 1.43±0.09
XZCY 7.01±0.63 4.02±0.31 2.12±0.11 2.33±0.18 3.37±0.21 1.53±0.23 3.73±0.21 1.08±0.07
XZMT 6.64±0.77 3.26±0.18 2.36±0.22 2.28±0.12 3.25±0.16 1.78±0.13 3.68±0.24 1.25±0.12
SCLS 7.35±0.76 3.67±0.25 2.32±0.18 1.98±0.10 3.76±0.42 2.16±0.07 3.95±0.39 1.17±0.14
SCXC 7.73±0.89 3.36±0.30 3.08±0.15 2.76±0.20 3.59±0.15 2.34±0.25 4.12±0.12 1.21±0.08
HNBS 7.63±0.81 4.83±0.52 2.38±0.23 2.43±0.19 3.31±0.21 1.75±0.09 4.55±0.25 0.98±0.10
LW 8.05±1.03 5.37±0.48 2.98±0.20 3.10±0.17 3.96±0.31 1.98±0.16 3.62±0.41 1.43±0.14
MD 7.95±0.62 4.32±0.52 2.38±0.19 2.55±0.14 3.67±0.44 2.13±0.18 3.78±0.25 1.62±0.11
Table 4 Flower morphology data of Dendrobium nobile in 17 populations
编码 花径 花梗长 唇瓣长 唇瓣宽 花瓣长 花瓣宽 萼片长 萼片宽
GXBS 7.72 7.30 6.64 4.82 7.73 4.89 5.10 6.20
GXJX 10.62 10.77 9.66 7.82 6.34 5.14 5.49 10.20
GXBY 10.61 3.74 6.19 9.65 6.45 9.77 7.82 9.09
GXRX 12.02 3.88 7.64 8.13 9.94 13.76 12.76 10.17
YNBS 11.33 6.84 10.58 7.25 6.82 7.52 10.57 6.87
YNHH 9.51 12.42 10.45 6.03 13.60 7.24 8.79 2.17
YNLC 8.09 13.58 7.98 12.74 10.19 9.13 4.71 6.20
YNPE 11.43 9.89 6.23 8.20 8.48 9.69 6.47 6.08
GZCS 11.85 7.37 8.53 4.98 8.24 6.31 9.78 8.19
GZLB 9.68 12.72 10.51 8.21 5.01 7.34 9.26 6.29
XZCY 8.99 7.71 5.19 7.73 6.23 15.03 5.63 6.48
XZMT 11.60 5.52 9.32 5.26 4.92 7.30 6.52 9.60
SCLS 10.34 6.81 7.76 5.05 11.17 3.24 9.87 11.97
SCXC 11.51 8.93 4.87 7.25 4.18 10.68 2.91 6.61
HNBS 10.23 8.66 7.67 9.63 5.29 6.22 7.57 1.96
LW 12.80 8.94 6.71 5.48 7.83 8.08 11.33 9.79
MD 7.80 12.04 7.98 5.49 11.99 8.45 6.61 6.79
均值 10.36 8.65 7.88 7.28 7.91 8.22 7.72 7.33
Table 5 Variation coefficient of flower morphology data of Dendrobium nobile
Fig.3 Flower morphology of Dendrobium nobile in 17 populations
Fig.4 Microscopic observation of Dendrobium nobile stomata in 17 populations (10 × 40×microscope)
编码 气孔长/μm 气孔宽/μm 气孔比 气孔面积/μm2 气孔密度/(个/mm2)
GXBS 30.05±1.22 25.06±1.18 1.20±0.08 591.15±40.15 35.20±2.26
GXJX 28.12±1.56 18.98±0.91 1.48±0.11 418.97±33.25 39.80±3.82
GXBY 31.34±2.24 24.12±1.88 1.30±0.09 593.40±25.60 27.60±2.48
GXRX 36.22±1.88 28.68±1.36 1.26±0.08 815.45±68.12 25.00±3.12
YNBS 32.65±1.35 26.18±2.21 1.25±0.12 671.00±55.85 36.20±3.28
YNHH 33.29±0.88 28.39±0.89 1.17±0.06 741.91±63.21 28.40±2.29
YNLC 30.31±2.21 24.33±0.33 1.25±0.08 578.89±50.26 29.80±1.95
YNPE 29.85±0.80 21.93±2.08 1.36±0.11 513.87±45.98 32.60±3.18
GZCS 25.67±1.33 18.66±1.09 1.38±0.10 376.02±33.28 51.20±3.68
GZLB 26.54±1.86 21.23±1.56 1.25±0.05 442.30±22.09 48.80±4.32
XZCY 31.56±3.12 25.52±0.58 1.24±0.04 632.25±48.92 63.60±4.59
XZMT 24.39±1.68 17.39±0.98 1.40±0.06 332.95±30.28 61.20±5.56
SCLS 24.28±1.75 19.33±1.21 1.26±0.03 368.43±29.85 63.60±5.48
SCXC 21.35±2.18 16.96±0.68 1.26±0.11 284.25±23.38 65.60±3.56
HNBS 39.47±2.58 32.37±0.96 1.22±0.13 1002.95±88.31 20.80±2.25
LW 35.09±0.95 30.08±3.01 1.17±0.05 828.57±65.33 26.40±2.30
MD 38.62±1.29 34.02±2.05 1.14±0.06 1031.37±81.69 22.60±2.20
Table 6 Stomata data of Dendrobium nobile in 17 populations
编码 气孔长 气孔宽 气孔比 气孔面积 气孔密度
GXBS 4.06 4.71 7.43 7.94 6.42
GXJX 5.55 4.79 6.92 4.31 9.60
GXBY 7.15 7.79 6.35 8.35 8.99
GXRX 5.19 4.74 9.60 8.32 12.48
YNBS 4.13 8.44 5.13 8.52 9.06
YNHH 2.64 3.13 6.40 8.68 8.06
YNLC 7.29 1.36 8.09 8.95 6.54
YNPE 2.68 9.48 7.25 8.85 9.75
GZCS 5.18 5.84 4.00 4.99 7.19
GZLB 7.01 7.35 3.23 7.74 8.85
XZCY 9.89 2.27 4.29 9.09 7.22
XZMT 6.89 5.64 2.38 8.10 9.08
SCLS 7.21 6.26 8.73 8.23 8.62
SCXC 10.21 4.01 10.66 8.81 5.43
HNBS 6.54 2.97 4.27 7.88 10.82
LW 2.71 10.01 5.26 7.92 8.71
MD 3.34 6.03 6.67 6.79 9.73
均值 5.74 5.58 6.27 7.85 8.62
Table 7 Variation coefficient of Stomata data of Dendrobium nobile
编码 总生物碱 多糖
含量/(mg/g DW) 变异系数 含量/(g/g DW) 变异系数
GXBS 11.13±0.75 6.74 0.1134±0.0055 4.85
GXBY 17.48±0.40 2.29 0.0928±0.0029 3.13
GXJX 10.74±1.03 9.59 0.0428±0.0063 14.72
GXRX 6.46±0.78 12.07 0.0800±0.0069 8.63
YNBS 8.59±0.40 4.66 0.0808±0.0061 7.55
YNHH 9.84±0.34 3.46 0.0814±0.0071 8.72
YNLC 8.45±0.42 4.97 0.0876±0.0034 3.88
YNPE 18.38±0.72 3.92 0.0530±0.0039 7.36
GZCS 19.41±1.24 6.39 0.0865±0.0069 7.98
GZLB 17.25±0.95 5.51 0.1030±0.0079 7.67
XZCY 6.30±0.24 3.81 0.1350±0.0037 2.74
XZMT 5.36±0.43 8.02 0.1425±0.0087 6.11
SCLS 5.96±0.85 14.26 0.0736±0.0054 7.34
SCXC 13.17±1.20 9.11 0.0864±0.0075 8.68
HNBS 23.71±0.74 3.12 0.1220±0.0065 5.33
LW 4.96±0.31 6.25 0.1135±0.0054 4.76
MD 12.82±0.98 7.64 0.0960±0.0062 6.46
均值 — 6.58 — 6.82
Table 8 Content and Variation coefficient of total alkaloids and polysaccharides in Dendrobium nobile from 17 populations
Fig.5 Systematic clustering analysis based on contents of total alkaloids and polysaccharides
分组 节间长/cm 唇瓣宽/cm 萼片宽/cm 气孔长/μm 气孔宽/μm 总生物碱含量
/(mg/g DW)		 多糖含量
/(g/g DW)
I 2.99 2.64 1.37 26.44 19.83 13.47 0.085 1
II 3.49 2.59 1.31 33.50 27.70 8.39 0.100 9
III 3.09 2.43 0.98 39.47 32.37 23.71 0.122 0
Table 9 Average main characters of various groups of Dendrobium nobile
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