Please wait a minute...

中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2016, Vol. 36 Issue (1): 122-138    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20160117
    
Biosafety of Genetically Modified Crops: Scientific Evidence
PANG Jin-hui1, MA Cai-yun1, FENG Yong-li1, HU Rui-fa2
1. Library, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
2. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Download: HTML HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  

Scientific evidences of genetically modified (GM) crops were investigated based on the Science Citation Index literature from Web of Science data. It shows that scholars pay more attention on safety of transgenic technologies than consumers. In addition, those transgenic plants which have been released for commercial production have been most strictly tested on their biosafety and its rigorous regulatory system has been established. Ninety percent of all the 9333 research papers illustrated no significant difference of safety between transgenic technologies and non- transgenic crops. The conclusions derived from the papers, which hold unsafe view of GM food, were proved to be false because of its wrong research materials or methods.



Key wordsGenetically modified food      Biosafety      GM crops     
Received: 06 January 2016      Published: 11 January 2016
ZTFLH:  Q789  
Cite this article:

PANG Jin-hui, MA Cai-yun, FENG Yong-li, HU Rui-fa. Biosafety of Genetically Modified Crops: Scientific Evidence. China Biotechnology, 2016, 36(1): 122-138.

URL:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.20160117     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2016/V36/I1/122

[1] James C. 2014年全球生物技术/转基因作物商业化发展态势.中国生物工程杂志,2015,35(1):1-14. James C. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops:2014. China Biotechnology, 2015,35(1):1-14.
[2] 我国转基因舆论--只有争,没有论. http://news.bioon.com/article/6668238.html. Opinion of GM- Only fight, no theory. http://news.bioon.com/article/6668238.html.
[3] Shapiro J, Eron L, Beckwith J. More alarums and excursions. Nature, 1969, 224(5226): 1337-&.
[4] Jackson D A, Berg P, Symons R H. Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of simian virus 40 - circular sv40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and galactose operon of escherichia-coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1972, 69(10): 2904-&.
[5] Symons R H, Berg P, Jackson D A. Use of sv40 DNA for introduction of foreign DNA into mammalian-cells. Proceedings of the Australian Biochemical Society. 5(nmay): 43-&.
[6] Berg P, Baltimor D, Boyer H W, et al. Potential biohazards of recombinant DNA-molecules. Science, 1974. 185(4148): 303.
[7] Susan W. Molecular politics: developing american and british regulatory policy for genetic engineering 1972-1982. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994:129.
[8] Cohen S N, Chang A C Y, Boyer H W, et al. Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in-vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1973, 70(11): 3240-3244.
[9] Roblin R. Ethical and social aspects of experimental gene manipulation. Federation Proceedings. 1975, 34(6): 1421-1424.
[10] Berg P, Singer M F. The recombinant-DNA controversy - 20 years later. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995, 92(20): 9011-9013.
[11] U.S. National institutes of health. Recombinant DNA research guidelines. Federal Register. 1976, 41(131): 27902-27943.
[12] Houllier F. Bring more rigour to GM research. Nature, 2012, 491( 11) : 327.
[13] Defrancesco L. How safe does transgenic food need to be. Nature Biotechnology, 2013, 31(9): 794-802.
[14] Kuiper H A, Kok E J, Davies H V. New EU legislation for risk assessment of GM food: no scientific justification for mandatory animal feeding trial. Plant Biotechnol. J, 2013, 11(7): 781-784.
[15] Marden E. Risk and regulation: US regulatory policy on genetically modified food and agriculture. Boston Coll Law Rev, 2003, 44: 733-787.
[16] National academy of sciences. Safety of genetically engineered foods: approaches to assessing unintended health effects. 2004.
[17] 贾士荣. 转基因作物的安全性争论及其对策. 生物技术通报, 1999, (06):1-7,38. Jia S R. The nature of current debate on biosafety of genetically modified crops. Biotechnology Bulletin, 1999, (06):1-7,38.
[18] Kuiper H A, Kleter G A,Noteborn H, et al. Assessment of food safety issuesrelated to genetically modified foods. Plant, 2001, 27:503-528.
[19] Hashimoto W, Momma K, Yoon H J, et al. Safety assessment of transgenic potatoes with soybean glycinin by feeding studies in rats. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 1999, 63(11):1942-1946.
[20] Snell C, Bernheim A, Berge J B, et al. Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: a literature review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, (50): 1134-1148.
[21] Hayes A. Reply to letter to the editor. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014, 65: 394-395.
[22] Nagasawa A, Yano N, Yuzawa K, et al. A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in f344 rats. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, 2008, 49( 4) : 272-282.
[23] Houllier F. Bring more rigour to GM research. Nature, 2012, 491( 11) : 327.
[24] Casassus B. Paper claiming gm link tumours republished. Nature News, 2014, 6( 24) : 1.
[25] OECD. OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals 451-carcinogenicity studies. . Http: / /www. Oecdilibrary. Org /docserver /download /9745101e. Pdf? Expires =1364688505&id = id&accname = guest&checksum =2d4be09cdfc6af724ae82892e211dadd.
[26] Suzuki H, Mohr U,Kimmerle G. Spontaneous endocrine tumors in sprague-dawley rats. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 1979, 95( 2) : 187-196.
[27] Keenan K P,Soper K A,Smith P F, et al. Diet, overfeeding, and moderate dietary restriction in control sprague-dawley rats. 1. effects on spontaneous neoplasms. Toxicol Pathology, 1995, 23( 3) : 269-286.
[28] 石晓华 封勇丽 逄金辉等. 塞拉利尼转基因"致癌"研究:从试验方法到结论. 中国生物工程杂志 2015,35(7):111-116. Shi X H, Feng Y L, Pang J H, et al. Séralini's"GMO carcinogenic study": from the experimental method to conclusions. China Biotechnology, 2015, 35(7):111-116.
[29] Hemre G I, Sagstad A, Bakke-mckellep A M, et al. Suitability of genetically modified soybean meal in rainbow trout diets. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2007, 13(3):186-199.
[30] Gu J, Krogdahl A, Sissener N H, et al. Effects of oral bt-maize (mon810) exposure on growth and health parameters in normal and sensitised atlantic salmon salmo salar l. British Journal of Nutrition, 2013, 109(8):1408-1423.
[31] Sanden M, Krogdahl A, Bakke-mckellep A M, et al. Growth performance and organ development in atlantic salmon salmo salar l. Parr fed genetically modified (GM) soybean and maize. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2006, 12(1):1-14.
[32] Quemada H, Zarka K, Pett W, et al. Safety evaluations of the cry1ia1 protein found in the transgenic potato 'spuntag2'. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2010, 135(4):325-332.
[33] Rhee G S, Cho D H, Won Yh, et al. Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modified potato on rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-part A-current Issues, 2005, 68(23-24):2263-2276.
[34] Flachowsky G, Aulrich K. Nutritional assessment of feeds from genetically modified organism. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2001, 10(1 suppl.): 181-194.
[35] Paul V, Guertler P, Wiedemann S, et al. Degradation of cry1ab protein from genetically modified maize (mon810) in relation to total dietary feed proteins in dairy cow digestion. Transgenic Research, 2010, 19(4):683-689.
[36] Trabalza-marinucci M, Brandi G, Rondini C, et al. A three-year longitudinal study on the effects of a diet containing genetically modified bt176 maize on the health status and performance of sheep. Livestock Science, 2008, 113(2-3):178-190.
[37] Zhang min, Zhuo Q, Tian Y, et al. Long-term toxicity study on transgenic rice with cry1ac and sck genes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014, 63:76-83.
[38] Wang E H, Yu Z, Hu J, et al. Effects of 90-day feeding of transgenic bt rice tt51 on the reproductive system in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013, 62:390-396.
[39] Tang X M, Han F T, Zhao K, et al. A 90-day dietary toxicity study of genetically modified rice t1c-1 expressing cry1c protein in sprague dawley rats. PLoS one, 2012, 7(12).
[40] Momma K, Hashimoto W, Yoon H J, et al. Safety assessment of rice genetically modified with soybean glycinin by feeding studies on rats. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2000, 64(9):1881-1886.
[41] Zhou X H, Dong Y, Xiao X, et al. A 90-day toxicology study of high-amylose transgenic rice grain in sprague-dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2011, 49(12):3112-3118.
[42] Mackenzie S, Lamb I, Schmidt J, et al. Thirteen week feeding study with transgenic maize grain containing event das-o15o7-1 in sprague-dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 45(4):551-562.
[43] Appenzeller L M, Malley L, Mackenzie S A, et al. Subchronic feeding study with genetically modified stacked trait lepidopteran and coleopteran resistant (das-empty set 15empty set 07-1xdas-59122-7) maize grain in sprague-dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009, 47(7):1512-1520.
[44] Van E. GMOs in animal agriculture: time to considerboth costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2013, (4): 37.
[45] Swiatkiewicz S, Swiatkiewicz M, Koreleski J, et al. Nutritional efficiency of genetically-modified insect resistant corn (mon 810) and glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal (roundup ready) for broilers. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 2010, 54(1):43-48.
[46] Buzoianu S G, Walsh M C, Rea M C, et al. High-throughput sequence-based analysis of the intestinal microbiota of weanling pigs fed genetically modified mon810 maize expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab (bt maize) for 31 days. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2012, 78(12):4217-4224.
[47] Buzoianu S G, Walsh M C, Rea M C, et al. Transgenerational effects of feeding genetically modified maize to nulliparous sows and offspring on offspring growth and health. Journal of Animal Science, 2013, 91(1):318-330.
[48] Townsend J A, Thomas L A. Factors which influence theagrobacteriummediated transformation of soybean. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 1994, suppl 18a:78.
[49] Nordlee J A, Taylor S L, Townsend J A, et al. Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans. New England Journal of Medicine, 1996, 334(11): 688-692.
[50] Lee R Y, Reiner D, Dekan G, et al. Genetically modified alpha-amylase inhibitor peas are not specifically allergenic in mice. PloS One, 2013, 8(1): e52972.
[51] 转基因豌豆可引发小白鼠肺部感. Http://www.gov.cn/fwxx/kp/2005-11/23/content_106937.htm. GM peas can cause lung infection in mice. Http://www.gov.cn/fwxx/kp/2005-11/23/content_106937.htm.
[52] Sieradzki Z, Mazur M, Kwiatek K, et al. Assessing the possibility of genetically modified DNA transfer from GM feed to broiler, laying hen, pig and calf tissues. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2013, 16(3): 435-441.
[53] Walsh M C, Buzoianu S G, Rea M C, et al. Effects of feeding Bt MON810 maize to pigs for 110 days on peripheral immune response and digestive fate of the cry1Ab gene and truncated Bt toxin. PloS One, 2012, 7(5).
[54] Mazza R, Soave M, Morlacchini M, et al. Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues. Transgenic Research, 2005, 14(5): 775-784.
[55] Suharman I, Satoh S, Haga Y, et al. Utilization of genetically modified soybean meal in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus diets. Fisheries Science, 2009, 75(4): 967-973.
[56] Freire I S, Miranda-Vilela A L, Fascineli M L, et al. Genotoxic evaluation in Oreochromis niloticus (Fish: Characidae) of recombinant spore-crystal complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis. Ecotoxicology, 2014, 23(2): 267-272.
[57] Sbruzzi F A, Venancio V P, Resck M C C, et al. Transgenic and conventional Brazilian soybeans don't cause or prevent preneoplastic colon lesions or oxidative stress in a 90-day in vivo study. Revista de Nutrição, 2013, 26(4): 443-453.
[58] Daleprane J B, Chagas M A, Vellarde G C, et al. The Impact of Non-and Genetically Modified Soybean Diets in Aorta Wall Remodeling. Journal of Food Science, 2010, 75(7): T126-T131.
[59] Domingo J L, Bordonaba J G. A literature review on the safety assessment of genetically modified plants. Environment International, 2011, 37(4): 734-742.
[60] Liu P, He X, Chen D, et al. A 90-day subchronic feeding study of genetically modified maize expressing Cry1Ac-M protein in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, 50(9): 3215-3221.
[61] Zhang M, Zhuo Q, Tian Y, et al. Long-term toxicity study on transgenic rice with Cry1Ac and sck genes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014, 63: 76-83.
[62] Pastorello E A, Farioli L, Pravettoni V, et al. Sensitization to the major allergen of Brazil nut is correlated with the clinical expression of allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1998, 102(6): 1021-1027.
[63] Alcocer M J C, Murtagh G J, Bailey K, et al. The disulphide mapping, folding and characterisation of recombinant Ber e 1, an allergenic protein, and SFA8, two sulphur-rich 2S plant albumins. Journal of Molecular Biology, 2002, 324(1): 165-175.
[64] Murtagh G J, Archer D B, Dumoulin M, et al. In vitro stability and immunoreactivity of the native and recombinant plant food 2S albumins Ber e 1 and SFA-8. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2003, 33(8): 1147-1152.
[65] Koppelman S J, Nieuwenhuizen W F, Gaspari M, et al. Reversible denaturation of Brazil nut 2S albumin (Ber e1) and implication of structural destabilization on digestion by pepsin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005, 53(1): 123-131.
[66] Ewen S W B, Pusztai A. Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing Galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine. The Lancet, 1999, 354(9187): 1353-1354.
[67] Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Rossi L, et al. Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Journal of Anatomy, 2002, 201(5): 409-415.
[68] Malatesta M, Caporaloni C, Gavaudan S, et al. Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Cell Structure and Function, 2002, 27(4): 173-180.
[69] Malatesta M, Biggiogera M, Manuali E, et al. Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2009, 47(4): 385-388.
[70] Vecchio L, Cisterna B, Malatesta M, et al. Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2009, 48(4): 449-454.
[71] Malatesta M, Baldelli B, Battistelli S, et al. Reversibility of hepatocyte nuclear modifications in mice fed on genetically modified soybean. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2009, 49(3): 237-242.
[72] Malatesta M, Boraldi F, Annovi G, et al. A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2008, 130(5): 967-977.
[73] Cisterna B, Flach F, Vecchio L, et al. Can a genetically-modified organism-containing diet influence embryo development? A preliminary study on pre-implantation mouse embryos. European Journal of Histochemistry, 2009, 52(4): 263-267.
[74] Magaña-Gómez J A, Cervantes G L, Yepiz-Plascencia G, et al. Pancreatic response of rats fed genetically modified soybean. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2008, 28(2): 217-226.
[75] Trabalza-Marinucci M, Brandi G, Rondini C, et al. A three-year longitudinal study on the effects of a diet containing genetically modified Bt176 maize on the health status and performance of sheep. Livestock Science, 2008, 113(2): 178-190.
[76] De Vendômois J S, Roullier F, Cellier D, et al. A comparison of the effects of three GM corn varieties on mammalian health. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2009, 5(7): 706-721.
[77] Séralini G E, Cellier D, De Vendomois J S. New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modified maize reveals signs of hepatorenal toxicity. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2007, 52(4): 596-602.
[78] Séralini G E, Clair E, Mesnage R, et al. RETRACTED: Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, 50(11): 4221-4231.
[79] Sagstad A, Sanden M, Haugland Ø, et al. Evaluation of stress-and immune-response biomarkers in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed different levels of genetically modified maize (Bt maize), compared with its near-isogenic parental line and a commercial suprex maize. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2007, 30(4): 201-212.
[80] Bakke-McKellep A M, Koppang E O, Gunnes G, et al. Histological, digestive, metabolic, hormonal and some immune factor responses in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed genetically modified soybeans. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2007, 30(2): 65-79.
[81] Winnicka A, Sawosz E, Klucinski W, et al. A note on on the effect of feeding genetically modified potatoes on selected indices of non-specific resistance in rats. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2001, 10(2 suppl.): 13-18.
[82] Einspanier R, Lutz B, Rief S, et al. Tracing residual recombinant feed molecules during digestion and rumen bacterial diversity in cattle fed transgene maize. European Food Research and Technology, 2004, 218(3): 269-273.
[83] Ferrini A M, Mannoni V, Pontieri E, et al. Longer resistance of some DNA traits from BT176 maize to gastric juice from gastrointestinal affected patients. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 2007, 20(1): 111-118.
[84] Schrder M, Poulsen M, Wilcks A, et al. A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein (Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) in Wistar rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 45(3): 339-349.
[85] Poulsen M, Schrder M, Wilcks A, et al. Safety testing of GM-rice expressing PHA-E lectin using a new animal test design. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 45(3): 364-377.
[86] Kiliç A, Akay M T. A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008, 46(3): 1164-1170.
[87] Krzyzowska M, Wincenciak M, Winnicka A, et al. The effect of multigenerational diet containing genetically modified triticale on immune system in mice. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2010, 13(3): 423-430.
[88] Cirnatu D, Jompan A, Sin A I, et al. Multiple organ histopathological changes in broiler chickens fed on genetically modified organism. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology, 2011, 52(1): 475-480.
[89] Buzoianu S G, Walsh M C, Rea M C, et al. Effects of feeding Bt maize to sows during gestation and lactation on maternal and offspring immunity and fate of transgenic material. PloS One, 2012, 7(10).
[90] Nordlee J A, Taylor S L, Townsend J A, et al. Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans. New England Journal of Medicine, 1996, 334(11): 688-692.
[91] Campbell P M, Reiner D, Moore A E, et al. Comparison of the α-Amylase Inhibitor-1 from Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varieties and Transgenic Expression in Other Legumes+ Post-Translational Modifications and Immunogenicity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(11): 6047-6054.
[92] Prescott V E, Campbell P M, Moore A, et al. Transgenic expression of bean α-amylase inhibitor in peas results in altered structure and immunogenicity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005, 53(23): 9023-9030.
[93] Tudisco R, Cutrignelli M I, Calabrò S, et al. Investigation on genetically modified soybean (RoundUp Ready) in goat nutrition: DNA detection in suckling kids. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 6(1s): 380-382.
[94] Tudisco R, Mastellone V, Cutrignelli M I, et al. Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings. Animal, 2010, 4(10): 1662-1671.
[95] Chowdhury E H, Kuribara H, Hino A, et al. Detection of corn intrinsic and recombinant DNA fragments and Cry1Ab protein in the gastrointestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified corn Bt11. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 81(10): 2546-2551.
[96] Ran T, Mei L, Lei W, et al. Detection of transgenic DNA in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT strain) fed genetically modified soybeans (Roundup Ready). Aquaculture Research, 2009, 40(12): 1350-1357.
[97] Douville M, Gagné F, André C, et al. Occurrence of the transgenic corn cry1Ab gene in freshwater mussels (Elliptio complanata) near corn fields: Evidence of exposure by bacterial ingestion. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2009, 72(1): 17-25.

[1] MA Li-li,YI Pan-pan,AO Ni-hua,JIAO Hong-tao,LEI Rui-peng,LIU Huan. A Study of Interdisciplinarity in Biosafety Research Based on Discipline Categories and Enrichment Analysis[J]. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(12): 116-124.
[2] LIU Xu-xia, ZHANG Nan. Comparison of Regulation on GM Crops Cultivation Management in USA and China[J]. China Biotechnology, 2017, 37(8): 119-127.
[3] ZHU Qiao yan. Genetically Modified Rice Tasting: Public Participation in Science in Chinese Context[J]. China Biotechnology, 2016, 36(11): 122-130.
[4] CAI Cui-xia, XIAO Wei-wei, KANG Wen-jie, MA Wen-li. Progress of the Study on the Method of DNA Extraction from Genetically Modified Food[J]. China Biotechnology, 2011, 31(5): 121-125.
[5] . Progress of the Study on the Method of DNA Extraction from Genetically Modified Food[J]. China Biotechnology, 2011, 31(05): 0-0.
[6] GU Hui-Yong, TIAN Jia, LI Pei-Jing, LI Jie. Study on Mutated DHDPS Gene as Selectable Marker of Transgenic Plant[J]. China Biotechnology, 2009, 29(05): 61-65.