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| Low Level Presence of Genetically Modified Crops: Policies and Implications |
| HUANG Xue-tao1, YANG Jun1, DONG Wan-lu1,2, WANG Xiao-bing1 |
1. Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract Biotech crops, also known as genetically modified (GM) crops have been in rapid development worldwide in recent years. However, a problem of low level presence (LLP) of GM products is emerging because of asynchronous approvals among importing and exporting countries, and low tolerance level for adventitious presence of GM products unapproved by importing countries. Major concerns have been raised about LLP leading to trade conflict and even trade disruption. The insights into the definition of low level presence, emphasizing its specificity and inevitability from a technical perspective are provided. It also enumerates LLP policies of several important countries, illustrating the potential adverse effects of strict LLP policies on agricultural trade. According to the findings, it points out that mutual trust and information exchange mechanisms should be built up among importing and exporting countries. Meanwhile, it is very critical to shorten the time to get the import safety approval and set up the science-based LLP threshold.
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Received: 12 December 2012
Published: 25 April 2013
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[2] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD Project on Low Level Presence in Seed and Commodities. Presentation prepared for Bigmap Symposium, Ames, Iowa, USA, April 27-28, 2010. available at http://www.bigmap.iastate.edu/symposium/2_McCammon_2010.pdf.
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[13] Associacao Brasileira de Sementes e Mudas, ABRASEM. Seed Companies Experiences Facing LLP Issues. 2011. available at http://apps.agr.br/upload/ax10_1310201134851900_palestrapaulocampantellp-saachile-29_09_2011.pdf.
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[18] European Union. Commission Implementing Decision of 22 December 2011 on Emergency Measures Regarding Unauthorised Genetically Modified Rice in Rice Products Originating From China and Repealing Decision 2008/289/EC. Official Journal of the European Union, 2011. available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:343:0140:0148:EN:PDF.
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[20] Gruere G P. Asynchronous Approvals of GM Products, Price Inflation, and the Codex Annex: What Low Level Presence Policy for APEC Countries? Paper presented at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC), Seattle, Washington, USA, June 22-23, 2009. available at http://iatrc.software.umn.edu/activities/symposia/2009Seattle/seattle-Gruere.pdf. |
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