Abstract Capsid-targeted viral inactivation (CTVI) is a new antiviral strategy, in which nucleases fused to viral coat proteins are expressed in infected cells and become incorporated during virion assembly, and degrade viral nucleic acids. The nucleases commonly used in CTVI are SN nuclease from Staphylococcus, Barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and RNase HI from E. coli. CTVI has successful applications in HIV-1 hepatitis B virus, murine leukaemia virus, dengue virus, etc. In this review, we mainly describe the principle, advantages, applications and prospect of CTVI.
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