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中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2024, Vol. 44 Issue (1): 52-60    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2312105
    
A Brief Overview of Synthetic Biology
Yujuan LI1,3,Xiongfei FU1,Xianen ZHANG2,4,*()
1 Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
2 Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3 Faculty of Law, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
4 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Abstract  

Synthetic biology, as a groundbreaking and transformative technology for understanding life, has opened the door to the transformation of non-living matter into living matter. It enables the rational design and editing of biological systems, providing a new paradigm for life science research and catalyzing the iterative development of biotechnology. Over the past two decades, synthetic biology has achieved a series of breakthroughs, gradually realizing innovative applications and establishing a disciplinary framework. The development of synthetic biology can be broadly grouped into three directions: first, a series of breakthroughs in enabling technologies; second, the iterative improvement of the synthesis and assembly capabilities of biological genomes; and third, the construction and application of cell factories and novel biological systems (“build to learn” and “build to use”). Based on the progress in life sciences, we attempt to elucidate the disciplinary framework of synthetic biology, and envision future trends.

Key words： Synthetic biology      Engineering biology      Enabling technology      Genome editing      Disciplinary framework     
Received: 09 January 2024      Published: 04 February 2024
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Cite this article:

Yujuan LI, Xiongfei FU, Xianen ZHANG. A Brief Overview of Synthetic Biology. China Biotechnology, 2024, 44(1): 52-60.

URL:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2312105     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2024/V44/I1/52

比较 生物技术 合成生物学
属性 利用生物体系造福人类,属于基因产业 利用生物体系造福人类,属于基因产业
应用 医药健康、生物工业、生物农业、生物能源、环境修复、生物材料、生物电子与生物信息,等 医药健康、生物工业、生物农业、生物能源、环境修复、生物材料、生物电子与生物信息,等
手段 单个外源基因的克隆与表达 生物设计、大规模基因组合成与组装、基因网络编辑、底盘细胞、人工智能(黑箱模型)与生物智造
形式 一个基因,一个产业:乙肝疫苗、胰岛素、干扰素、抗体药基因修饰作物,等 生物设计,多基因协同:合成疫苗及药物、精准细胞治疗、复杂代谢产品、基因网络育种、新功能生物电子、生物传感、生物材料,等
能力 初级 高级
Table 1 Correlation and difference between synthetic biology and traditional biotechnology
Fig.1 Development trajectory of synthetic biology
Fig.2 Disciplinary framework of synthetic biology
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