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中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (11): 43-58    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2209023
    
Research Progress of Medicinal Plant Resources in Aquatic Animal Diseases Control
HU Yang1,2,ZHANG Xu1,2,3,WANG Huan1,2,SHAN Li-peng1,2,LIU Lei1,2,CHEN Jiong1,2,**()
1 State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroProducts, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
3 Wuxi Tianxiangju Biotechnology Research Institute Co., LTD, Wuxi 214200, China
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Abstract  

With the continuous improvement of living standards, people’s demand for aquatic products is increasing day by day, and the rapid development of the industry has become one of the fastest growing food production sectors worldwide. However, various diseases induced by parasites, bacteria and viruses have caused huge economic losses to aquaculture industry, which seriously restrict the rapid and stable development of the industry. As a traditional means of control, synthetic drugs such as antibiotics are often used in aquaculture processes. The abuse of a large number of chemosynthetic drugs induces drug residues, drug-resistant bacteria and other environmental pollution problems, endangering human health. Therefore, Chinese herbal medicine with a variety of effective active ingredients has become the research object for exploring new means of prevention and control of aquatic disease outbreak due to its natural, safe and small side effects. At present, Chinese herbal medicine is often used to regulate the immunity of aquatic animals, growth rate and prevent disease outbreaks. At the same time, it can also be used to improve the aquaculture environment and reduce the stress of environmental factors on aquatic animals. However, current studies mainly focus on obtaining compound active ingredients for disease outbreak prevention and control from Chinese herbal medicine, which are unstable in efficacy and unclear in active ingredients, and cannot meet the production needs of in-depth exploration of efficient, cheap and stable prevention and control agents. This paper discusses the application and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine in prevention and control of aquatic animal disease outbreak, and reveals the insufficiency of the mechanism research on active molecules of Chinese herbal medicine. In conclusion, this paper highlights the potential of Chinese herbal medicine to be used as a more environmentally friendly and effective means of disease control and prevention in aquaculture, and the in-depth study of its resistance mechanism is particularly important.

Key words： Chinese herbal medicine      Active ingredients      Antibiotics      Immunostimulants      Aquatic diseases     
Received: 12 September 2022      Published: 07 December 2022
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HU Yang
ZHANG Xu
WANG Huan
SHAN Li-peng
LIU Lei
CHEN Jiong
Cite this article:

HU Yang, ZHANG Xu, WANG Huan, SHAN Li-peng, LIU Lei, CHEN Jiong. Research Progress of Medicinal Plant Resources in Aquatic Animal Diseases Control. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(11): 43-58.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2209023     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2022/V42/I11/43

名称 有效剂量 物种 杀灭寄生虫种类 参考文献
蛇床子 70 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [12]
鸡血藤 64.92 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [13]
鸦胆子 49.96 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [13]
七叶树种子 7.33 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [13]
银杏酚酸 1.70 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [14]
小果博落回 16 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [16]
盾叶薯蓣 17.0 mg/L 金鱼 指环虫 [17]
大蒜 12.5 mL/L 孔雀鱼 三代虫 [26]
生姜 200 ppt 孔雀鱼 三代虫 [27]
博落回 80 mg/L 金鱼 三代虫 [28]
奎宁 60 mg/kg 虹鳟 小瓜虫 [32]
白薇苷 2 mg/L 草鱼 隐核虫 [36]
白屈菜红碱 8 mg/L 金鱼 小瓜虫 [37]
补骨脂定 0.8 mg/L 金鱼 小瓜虫 [40]
厚朴酚 0.6 mg/L 金鱼 小瓜虫 [42]
印楝素 0.8 mg/L 斑马鱼 车轮虫 [43]
贯众 40 mg/L 大黄鱼 隐核虫 [45]
苦皮藤 200 mg/L 大黄鱼 隐核虫 [46]
Table 1 The anti-parasitic activity of Chinese herbal medicine
名称 有效剂量 物种 功能 参考文献
黄芪多糖 100 mg/kg 鲫 提高抗病能力 [47]
丝兰 0.1% 尼罗罗非鱼 提高抗病水平 [48]
猪鬃草 2% 鲤 增强对不同致病菌的杀菌活性 [49]
薄荷 0.2% 虹鳟 提高对细菌性疾病的抵抗力 [50]
小檗碱 1 g/kg 尼罗罗非鱼 增强抗病能力 [51]
京尼平苷 100 mg/kg 鲫 提高对嗜水气单胞菌的抗性 [52]
迷迭香 10 g/kg 尼罗罗非鱼 增强抗病能力 [53]
葡萄籽 30 g/kg 鲤 提高对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗 [54]
蒙古韭 40 mg/kg 乌鳢 提高对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗 [55]
荷荷巴 2 g/kg 罗非鱼 改善血液学指标,增强抗嗜水气单胞菌能力 [56]
生姜 10 g/kg 虹鳟 提高抗氧化和免疫力,降低死亡率 [57]
山茶花 200 mg/kg 鲻 提高血液免疫指标 [58]
芦丁 50 μg/g 凡纳滨对虾 提高酚氧化酶活性,提高存活率 [59]
薄荷 1~5 g/kg 花鲈 提高血液免疫指标,增强对哈氏弧菌的抗性 [60]
大蒜 1.0 g/100 g 尼罗罗非鱼 有效预防链球菌感染 [61]
水葫芦 2.5%~5% 鳢 抗哈氏弧菌 [62]
辣木 40% 鲫 提高抗氧化和免疫反应,增强对嗜水气单胞菌的抗性 [63]
银杏叶 10 g/kg 鲤 改变免疫相关基因的表达,提高对嗜水气单胞菌抗性 [64]
辣木 40% 鲫 提高抗氧化和免疫反应 [65]
Table 2 The anti-bacterial activity of Chinese herbal medicine
Fig.1 The chemical structure of anti-parasites compounds
中草药 活性物质 剂量 病毒原 物种 使用方式 参考文献
鸡冠花、萝卜 提取物 10 μg/mL、167 ng/g VHSV EPC细胞、比目鱼 浸泡/口服 [99]
黄芪多糖 12.5 mg/mL MSRV 草鱼卵巢细胞 浸泡 [100]
黄芪多糖 0.01% SVCV 斑马鱼 饲料添加 [101]
补骨脂 补骨脂甲素 5 mg/mL SVCV EPC细胞 浸泡 [102]
柴胡 柴胡皂苷D 6 mg/kg SVCV 斑马鱼、鲤 腹腔注射 [103]
牛蒡子苷元 1.6 mg/L SVCV EPC细胞 浸泡 [104]
棕榈酸 1 mmol/L SVCV 斑马鱼、斑马鱼成纤维细胞样ZF4细胞 浸泡 [105]
香菇 香菇多糖 100 μg/mL IHNV EPC细胞 浸泡 [106]
夏枯草 熊果酸 100 mg/mL IHNV 虹鳟 注射 [107]
漆树 黄酮类化合物 10 μg/mL IHNV/VHSV 牙鲆脾脏细胞/鲑胚胎细胞 浸泡 [108]
没食子 没食子儿茶素没
食子酸酯		 20 μg/mL GCRV CIK细胞 浸泡 [110]
远志 甲醇提取物1、甲醇
提取物2		 100 mg/L、5 mg/L GCRV CIK细胞 浸泡 [111]
厚朴 厚朴酚 1.5 μg/mL GCRV CIK细胞 浸泡 [112]
槲皮 槲皮素 100 μmol/L GCRV CIK细胞 浸泡 [113]
紫花地丁 水提取物 10 mg/mL GIV GS细胞 浸泡 [114]
金银花 木犀草素 500 μg/mL GIV GS细胞 浸泡 [115]
鳄嘴花 乙醇提取物 5 mg/mL KHV 锦鲤 口服 [116]
Table 2 The anti-aquatic virus activity of Chinese herbal medicine
名称 活性物质 剂量 物种 参考文献
匍枝马尾藻 岩藻多糖 400 mg/kg 斑节对虾 [115]
杜氏藻 β-胡萝卜素 300 mg/kg 斑节对虾 [116]
双尾马尾藻和重尾马尾藻 水提物 750 mg/L 斑节对虾 [121]
紫齿龙、马尾鹿,堇孢草、黑水藓和旱莲 甲醇提取物 800 mg/kg 斑节对虾 [122]
半叶马尾藻粉 水提物 300 mg/L 凡纳滨对虾 [123]
江蓠 水提物 600 mg/L 凡纳滨对虾 [124]
角果木 水提物 500 mg/kg 斑节对虾 [125]
黄细心 乙醇提取物 10 mL/kg 斑节对虾 [126]
马缨丹和苦味叶下珠 水提物 150 mg/kg 斑节对虾 [127]
木橘 甲醇提取物 150 mg/kg 斑节对虾 [127]
马尾藻 岩藻多糖 400 mg/L 斑节对虾 [128]
紫锥菊和毛钩藤 水提物 4 g/kg 凡纳滨对虾 [129]
大花唐棣 乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物 400 mg/kg 印度明对虾 [130]
番石榴 粉末 0.4% 斑节对虾 [131]
红凤菜 水提物 2 g/kg 凡纳滨对虾 [132]
紫背草 丙酮提取物 100 μg/mL 墨吉对虾 [133]
狗牙根 乙醇提取物 2% 凡纳滨对虾 [134]
栀子花 乙醇提取物 100 mg/kg 克氏原螯虾 [135]
红海藻江蓠 硫酸半乳聚糖 200 μg/mL 斑节对虾 [136]
红海藻龙须菜 硫酸半乳聚糖 1000 μg/mL 斑节对虾 [137]
曲浒苔 2-(2-羟基苯氧基)-1-苯乙醇 400 mg/kg 印度明对虾 [138]
Table 4 The anti-WSSV activity of Chinese herbal medicine
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