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中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2021, Vol. 41 Issue (12): 47-60    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2111005
    
Research Progress on Genetic Structure and Regulation Mechanism on Starch Content in Maize Kernel
WANG Rui-pu1,2,DONG Zhen-ying1,2,GAO Yue-xin1,2,LONG Yan1,2,3,***(),WAN Xiang-yuan1,2,3,***()
1 Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
3 Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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Abstract  

Maize is the crop with the largest planting area and the highest yield in the world. Starch accounts for about 70% of its grain weight, which is not only the main energy source for human beings and other animals, but also an important raw material for chemical industry. Assisted by the research on Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and other model plants, there have been accumulated a lot of information about the main biological processes of starch synthesis and functions of related gene in plants. Recently, many new starch content-related loci and candidate genes have been also further discovered through quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association study (GWAS) and omics-based methods in maize and other plants. However, summarization about such information is currently limited in maize. Here, the research progress of starch synthesis and regulation mechanisms in maize kernel were reviewed, and the QTLs and genes related to starch content in maize kernel were summarized and analyzed. The consistent physical map for starch content in maize kernel was further constructed, and the genetic hotspots were identified. The data will be useful for further deciphering the genetic basis of starch content in maize kernel and for molecular marker-assisted selection in maize breeding.

Key words： Maize      Starch content      QTL mapping      Genome-wide association study     
Received: 01 November 2021      Published: 13 January 2022
ZTFLH:  Q819  
Corresponding Authors: Yan LONG,Xiang-yuan WAN     E-mail: longyan@ustb.edu.cn;wanxiangyuan@ustb.edu.cn
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Rui-pu WANG
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Cite this article:

WANG Rui-pu,DONG Zhen-ying,GAO Yue-xin,LONG Yan,WAN Xiang-yuan. Research Progress on Genetic Structure and Regulation Mechanism on Starch Content in Maize Kernel. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(12): 47-60.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2111005     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2021/V41/I12/47

功能途经 基因名 功能 基因号 位置 参考文献
籽粒淀粉合成/ SS3b-2 淀粉合成酶2 Zm00001d002256 Chr2: 9053730~9067950 [22]
代谢 Sbe4 淀粉分支酶Ⅱa Zm00001d003817 Chr2: 60750943~60764679 [23]
Zpu1 普鲁兰酶 Zm00001d004438 Chr2: 111721672~111777106 [24]
Amya3 α淀粉酶3 Zm00001d005890 Chr2: 191850546~191855397 [25]
Sh2 AGPase大亚基 Zm00001d044129 Chr3: 219978458~219991074 [26]
Su1 异淀粉酶1 Zm00001d049753 Chr4: 43109069~43120667 [27]
Bt2 AGPase小亚基 Zm00001d050032 Chr4: 61314075~61322850 [28]
SS5 淀粉合成酶5 Zm00001d051976 Chr4: 175713376~175732030 [29]
SS2b-1 淀粉合成酶7 Zm00001d052263 Chr4: 185227334~185235952 [22]
SS2c 淀粉合成酶6 Zm00001d014150 Chr5: 34227799~34246483 [22]
Sbe1 淀粉分支酶I Zm00001d014844 Chr5: 65184602~65198975 [30]
Bt1 ADP/ATP转运蛋白 Zm00001d015746 Chr5: 115747352~115752463 [31]
Ae1 淀粉分支酶II Zm00001d016684 Chr5: 172411495~172431915 [32]
SS2b-2 淀粉合成酶 Zm00001d018033 Chr5: 212494773~212500400 [22]
Su2 淀粉合成酶 Zm00001d037234 Chr6: 117122565~117129709 [33]
Isa2 异淀粉酶2 Zm00001d038121 Chr6: 148612409~148616192 [34]
Gbss1 NDP-葡萄糖-淀粉葡萄糖基转移酶 Zm00001d019479 Chr7: 36169751~36179889 [22]
Isa3 异淀粉酶3 Zm00001d020799 Chr7: 133231303~133246105 [34]
Amyb5 β淀粉酶5 Zm00001d021702 Chr7: 160751242~160759567 [35]
SS4 淀粉合成酶4 Zm00001d010821 Chr8: 128733162~128745077 [22]
Sbe3 淀粉分支酶Ⅱa Zm00001d011301 Chr8:146174056~146176755 [22]
SS1 淀粉合成酶1 Zm00001d045261 Chr9: 17400322~17414094 [36]
Wx1 颗粒结合淀粉合酶 Zm00001d045462 Chr9: 23105829~23112818 [37]
Du1 淀粉合成酶 Zm00001eb413290 Chr10: 60530370~60541705 [38]
SS3b-1 淀粉合成酶3 Zm00001d026337 Chr10: 143785332~143797662 [22]
糖代谢 Sus2 蔗糖合酶 Zm00001d029091 Chr1: 57484476~57494758 [39]
Pdh2 丙酮酸脱氢酶 Zm00001d031659 Chr1: 197758695~197777870 [40]
Mdh4 苹果酸脱氢酶4 Zm00001d032695 Chr1: 234901158~234909589 [41]
Pgm1 磷酸葡糖变位酶 Zm00001d033746 Chr1: 272696370~272706106 [42]
Phi1 磷酸己糖异构酶1 Zm00001d034256 Chr1: 288167490~288178421 [42]
Incw4 细胞壁转化酶4 Zm00001d001941 Chr2: 3199731~3206350 [43]
Ivr1 蔗糖果糖基转移酶1 Zm00001d002830 Chr2: 24144121~24151688 [44]
Mn1 细胞壁转化酶CWI-2 Zm00001d003776 Chr2: 58874832~58880827 [45]
Pdh1 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶 Zm00001d042184 Chr3: 155337909~155342351 [42]
Ivr2 蔗糖果糖基转移酶2 Zm00001d014947 Chr5: 69451084~69457258 [46]
Incw1 细胞壁转化酶1 Zm00001d016708 Chr5: 173402317~173409783 [47]
Pgd1 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶 Zm00001d035925 Chr6: 60487799~60493483 [42]
Mdh2 苹果酸脱氢酶2 Zm00001d039089 Chr6: 169781193~169788867 [41]
功能途经 基因名 功能 基因号 位置 参考文献
Ra3 海藻糖磷酸酶 Zm00001d022193 Chr7: 172483459~172490694 [48]
Tpi3 丙糖磷酸异构酶 Zm00001d008619 Chr8: 14784563~14791546 [49]
Spp1 蔗糖磷酸酶 Zm00001d010523 Chr8: 119141666~119150936 [50]
ZmHxk3b 己糖激酶 Zm00001d011889 Chr8: 164036637~164046360 [51]
Sps1 L-乳酸脱氢酶 Zm00001d012036 Chr8: 166916106~166924760 [52]
Pmg1 磷酸甘油酸变位酶 Zm00001d012518 Chr8: 176002930~176010889 [53]
Sh1 蔗糖合酶 Zm00001d045042 Chr9: 10905434~10914444 [54]
Sus1 蔗糖合酶 Zm00001d047253 Chr9: 124176672~124186372 [55]
Incw3 细胞壁转化酶3 Zm00001d025355 Chr10: 115295549~115301001 [43]
转录因子 ZmDof36 Dof转录因子 Zm00001d029512 Chr1: 73971569~73973965 [14]
ZmDar1 LIM-转录因子 Zm00001d030953 Chr1: 168696230~168711004 [19]
Nkd1 不定域蛋白 Zm00001d002654 Chr2: 18310995~18321506 [18]
ZmNAC34 NAC转录因子 Zm00001d003080 Chr2: 31371654~31375742 [16]
O11 bHLH转录因子 Zm00001d003677 Chr2: 53849188~53854880 [13]
PBF Dof转录因子 Zm00001d005100 Chr2: 158142366~158156919 [11]
ZmNAC128 NAC转录因子 Zm00001d040189 Chr3: 31399624~31404748 [17]
ZmDof3 Dof转录因子 Zm00001d035651 Chr6: 38680964~38686390 [20]
ZmDa1 LIM-转录因子 Zm00001d035844 Chr6: 55319793~55330745 [19]
O2 bZIP转录因子 Zm00001d018971 Chr7: 11073877~11079732 [11]
ZmbZIP91 bZIP转录因子 Zm00001d021191 Chr7: 145444135~145450407 [12]
ZmNAC130 NAC转录因子 Zm00001d008403 Chr8: 7618212~7622782 [17]
ZmMADS1a MADS转录因子 Zm00001d048474 Chr9: 156960598~156980213 [15]
Nkd2 不定域蛋白 Zm00001d026113 Chr10: 138718039~138726894 [18]
ZmEREB156 AP2-EREBP转录因子 Zm00001d026447 Chr10: 145981850~145985482 [21]
RNA剪接 Dek35 PPR蛋白 Zm00001d033749 Chr1: 272715686~272721228 [56]
Dek37 PPR蛋白 Zm00001d003543 Chr2: 47656750~47661393 [57]
Table 1 Summary of the genes related to starch content in maize kernel
Fig.1 Chromosomal distribution of the QTLs and SNP affecting starch content in maize kernel
序号 染色体 热点区间/Mb 研究频
次/次		 区间内已克隆基因
1 1 33.15~38.08 5
2 1 39.59~41.70 4
3 1 85.32~91.15 4
4 1 175.17~185.91 6
5 1 192.99~203.22 5 Pdh2
6 2 11.64~13.64 5
7 2 210.23~217.77 4
8 3 182.13~201.68 5
9 4 17.75~18.64 5
10 4 169.99~172.60 4
11 4 174.15~180.09 5 SS5
12 4 181.20~185.65 6 SS2b-1
13 5 10.55~12.48 4
14 5 14.45~16.10 4
15 5 19.66~67.95 8 SS2c
Sbe1
16 5 84.50~163.31 8 Bt1
17 5 175.32~179.76 5
18 5 184.92~199.62 5
19 7 136.69~137.13 4
20 7 165.71~165.72 4
21 8 9.16~13.55 6
22 8 19.84~21.39 4
23 8 23.22~25.93 5
24 8 113.63~165.20 11 Spp1
SS4
Sbe3
ZmHxk3b
25 9 10.22~10.91 4 Sh1
26 9 16.08~17.93 4 SS1
27 9 23.84~25.25 5
28 9 26.43~105.96 8
29 10 85.29~112.73 5
30 10 131.46~131.48 4
31 10 133.02~133.56 4
Table 2 Summary of the QTL hotspots related to starch content in maize kernel
序号 染色体 热点区间/Mb 区间内
SNP数		 区间内已
克隆基因
1 1 0.23~2.47 5
2 1 118.83~121.61 6
3 2 0.16~25.87 37 SS3b-2
Nkd1
Ivr1
4 3 0.44~5.82 11
5 3 213.34~217.22 5
6 4 11.58~17.53 7
7 5 0.03~15.04 26
8 5 19.21~23.54 5
9 5 175.32~179.65 6
10 5 189.10~191.75 5
11 5 205.47~213.50 12 SS2b-2
12 6 0.83~2.41 5
13 8 0.71~15.68 20 ZmNAC130
Tpi3
14 9 2.55~5.52 7
15 9 128.75~135.94 6
Table 3 Summary of the SNP hotspots related to starch content in maize kernel
Fig.2 Chromosomal distribution of the cloned gene, QTL and SNP hotspots and their overlapped regions related to starch content in maize kernel
序号 染色体 重叠区间/Mb 区间内与糖代谢
相关候选基因
1 2 11.64~13.64 Zm00001d002454
2 5 10.55~12.48 Zm00001d013428
Zm00001d013450
3 5 14.45~15.04 /
4 5 19.21~23.54 /
5 5 175.32~179.76 Zm00001d016768
6 5 189.10~191.75 Zm00001d017258
Zm00001d017271
7 8 9.16~13.55 Zm00001d008491
Table 4 Overlapped regions of QTL and SNP hotspots related to starch content in maize kernel
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