Research Progress of Capsular Polysaccharides in Gram-positive Bacteria

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2103017

China Biotechnology

2021, Vol. 41

Issue (7): 91-98 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2103017

Research Progress of Capsular Polysaccharides in Gram-positive Bacteria

ZHENG Jie,WU Hao,QIAO Jian-jun,ZHU Hong-ji(

)

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

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Abstract

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of bacteria is an important part of bacterial biofilm. It plays an essential role in the bacterial growth and division. In the meantime, this structure is related to the cell wall morphology, bacterial resistance to the external environment and immune response. In pathogenic bacteria, capsular polysaccharides act as virulence factors, so they have been studied extensively. In gram-positive bacteria, the chemical structure, biosynthesis process and functional application of capsular polysaccharides have been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the chemical structure, synthesis pathway, function and application of CPS in gram-positive bacteria were reviewed. Firstly, the bacterial distribution, chemical composition and structural specificity of the CPS from the pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains were discussed. The discussion focused on three representative Gram-positive pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains: Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactococcus lactis. Next, three main ways of the capsular polysaccharides biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria were reviewed: Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway, ABC transporter pathway and synthase dependent pathway. The synthesis process and related genes of the corresponding polysaccharides were explained with examples. The physiological functions of the capsular and surface polysaccharides in gram-positive bacteria were introduced, such as barrier protection, intercellular adhesion, and participation in the immune response of host cells. In combination with the biological functions of CPS, the research progress of main applications was summarized, such as the construction of high tolerance engineering strains and the development of vaccines. Due to the differences in the characteristics of capsular polysaccharides, their chemical structure and synthesis regulation are still not clear. Finally, combined with the broad prospects in pharmaceutical research and industrial production, the prospects and suggestions are provided for the future research of bacterial capsular polysaccharides.

Key words： Capsular polysaccharides Gram-positive bacteria Structure and synthesis Immunity

Received: 10 March 2021 Published: 03 August 2021

ZTFLH:

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Corresponding Authors: Hong-ji ZHU E-mail: zhj@tju.edu.cn

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	Jie ZHENG
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Cite this article:

ZHENG Jie,WU Hao,QIAO Jian-jun,ZHU Hong-ji. Research Progress of Capsular Polysaccharides in Gram-positive Bacteria. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(7): 91-98.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2103017 OR https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2021/V41/I7/91

Fig.1 The chemical structure of CPS serotype 19 in S. pneumonia

Fig.2 The chemical structure of CPS serotype 7F in S. pneumonia

Table 1 The chemical structure of CP in S. aureus

Fig.3 The chemical structure of polysaccharide pellicle in L. lactis

Fig.4 Representation of CPS serotype 9A synthesis in S. pneumonia (Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway)

Fig.5 Representation of rhamnan synthesis in L. lactis (ABC-transpoter pathway)


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