Progress of Effector Proteins of Pathogenic Bacteria Invading Host Cell Nucleus

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2102035

China Biotechnology

2021, Vol. 41

Issue (7): 81-90 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2102035

Progress of Effector Proteins of Pathogenic Bacteria Invading Host Cell Nucleus

YUAN Bo-xin¹,WU Hao¹,YAN Chun-xiao¹,LU Juan-e²,WEI Zhen-ping¹,QIAO Jian-jun¹,RUAN Hai-hua^2,^3,^**(

)

1 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2 Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
3 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin　300134, China

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Abstract

The nucleus is the control center of cell genetics and metabolism, regulating the cell’s responses to the outside environment, metabolism, growth and differentiation and other cellular activities. Many studies have shown that in the process of bacterial infection into host cells, some effector proteins of pathogenic bacteria enter the nucleus of the host cells, affecting gene transcription, RNA splicing, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, etc. These nucleus-targeting pathogenic effector proteins are called nucleomodulins. This review summarized the means of these nuclear regulatory proteins entering the host nucleus, aftersecreted by pathogenic bacteria. Importantly, the functions of these nucleomodulins regulating the activities of host cells were elucidated. It provides a theoretical basis to further explore the infection and pathogenic mechanisms of intracellular bacteria on host cells.

Key words： Nucleomodulins Pathogenic bacteria Host cell nucleus

Received: 28 February 2021 Published: 03 August 2021

ZTFLH:

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Corresponding Authors: Hai-hua RUAN E-mail: ruanhaihua@tjcu.edu.cn

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	Bo-xin YUAN
	Hao WU
	Chun-xiao YAN
	Juan-e LU
	Zhen-ping WEI
	Jian-jun QIAO
	Hai-hua RUAN

Cite this article:

YUAN Bo-xin,WU Hao,YAN Chun-xiao,LU Juan-e,WEI Zhen-ping,QIAO Jian-jun,RUAN Hai-hua. Progress of Effector Proteins of Pathogenic Bacteria Invading Host Cell Nucleus. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(7): 81-90.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2102035 OR https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2021/V41/I7/81

Fig.1 Mechanism of Importin α/ Importin β mediated protein targeting the host nucleus

Nucleomodulins	Organism	Function		Reference
TRP32	Ehrlichia chaffeensis	Binds to the G-enrichment motif of host DNA and regulates transcription of related genes		[11-12]
OspF	Shigella	Inhibits the transcription of immune factors;alters chromatin structure		[13, 37]
YopM	Yersinia	Affects RSK1 levels and inhibits transcription of immune factors, such as IL-10		[15-17, 63]
PPE2	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Acts on macrophages and inhibits the production of NO		[20]
CBU1976	Coxiella burnetii	Not clear		[25]
CBU1524	Coxiella burnetii	Inhibits the activation of Caspase-7 and interferes with the process of apoptosis		[31]
CBU1314	Coxiella burnetii	Interferes with the transcription of host genes		[32]
TRP47	Ehrlichia chaffeensis	Binds to host GC enrichment motif and regulating transcription of essential genes		[44]
TRP120	Ehrlichia chaffeensis	Binds to host GC enrichment motif and activates host gene transcription		[44-45]
OrfX	Listeria monocytogenes	Inhibites the expression of RYBP, and decreases the p53 ubiquitination mediated by MDM2		[46]
Nucleomodulins	Organism		Function	Reference
LntA	Listeria monocytogenes		Targets host chromatin repressor BAHD1 and inhibited interferon gene expression	[47, 64]
IpaH9.8	Shigella		Interacts with U2AF35 to inhibit the transcription of immune factors	[50-51]
SspH1	salmonella typhimurium		Inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8	[52]
SINC	Chlamydia psittaci		Interacts with nucleoporin, nucleofibrillar protein and nucleoendrimal protein	[54]
AnkA	Anaplasma phagocytophilum		Binds to AT-rich motifs and inhibits the expression of CYBB	[60-61]
RomA	Legionella pneumophila		Leads to methylation of histone H3 Lys 14	[60, 65]
Rv3423	Mycobacterium tuberculosis		Histone acetyltrans ferases target either H3K9 or H3K14	[66]
SnpL	Legionella pneumophila		Interacts with SUPT5H and affects RNA polymerase II mediated transcription elongation	[62]
Rv1988	Mycobacterium tuberculosis		Interacts with host chromatin and affects histone methylation	[67]
Rv2966c	Mycobacterium tuberculosis		Interacts with host chromatin and affects gene expression	[68]
LegAS4	Legionella pneumophila		Makes H3K4 methylation and up-regulate the transcription of heterosomal rDNA	[69, 70]
BtSET	bacillus thuringiensis		Methylates of H3 Lys 14 and activates ribosomal DNA transcription	[70]
AnkX	Legionella pneumophila		Interacts with PLEKHN1 and is involved in the inflammatory response	[71]
AnkH	Legionella pneumophila		Interacts with LARP7 and affects RNA polymerase II mediated transcription elongation	[72]
SP-STP	Streptococcus pyogenes		Phosphatase, which causes the apoptosis of infected cells	[73]
NUE	Chlamydia trachomatis		Targets host histones modifies chromatin structure	[74]

Table 1 A list of representative nucleomodulins and their main functions

Fig.2 Regulation mechanism of Shigella effector protein OspF

Fig.3 Regulatory mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes effector protein LntA

Fig. 4 Regulatory mechanism of Anaplasma phagocytophilum effector protein AnkA


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