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| The Progress on The Mechanism of Cell Penetrating Peptides Mediated- Cellular Delivery of Biomolecules |
XIA Yan-mei1,YU Si-yuan2,YANG Han2,LI Ting-dong2,**( ) |
1 National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health,Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China |
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Abstract Compared to traditional small molecular drugs, biomacromolecular drugs have high specificity, and become one of the most promising areas in drug development in the 21st century. However, the natural barrier of cell membranes has prevented many potential intracellular drug targets from drug development. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are a class of short peptides with membrane-permeating functions, could efficiently carry biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins into the cytoplasm through cell membranes and perform their functions. CPP have many advantages such as high efficiency and low toxicity on the transportation of biomacromolecular drugs. The mechanism of CPP mediated-cellular delivery of cargo can be divided into direct entry and endocytosis depending on whether energy is dependent. Direct entry could be divided into four models according to the way of pore formation : barrel model,toroid model,carpet model and inverted micelle model.endocytosis could be divided into micropinocytosis,clathrin-mediated endocytosis,caveolin-mediated endocytosis,heparan sulfate proteoglycans-mediated endocytosis, neuropilin-1-mediated endocytosis. The type, concentration of CPP, physicochemical properties and molecular size of cargo affected the process of CPP entry, and then determine its mechanism. To summarize the mechanism of CPP-mediated biomacromolecular entry, which provides a basis for the study of more efficient and targeted CPP and promote its application in biology and medicine research.
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Received: 14 January 2019
Published: 12 November 2019
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Corresponding Authors:
Ting-dong LI
E-mail: litingdong@xmu.edu.cn
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