
Progress in the Application of Non-immunoglobulin Scaffolds
LI Geng, LIU Xiao-zhi, WANG Zhi-ming, GAO Jian
China Biotechnology ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2) : 90-95.
Progress in the Application of Non-immunoglobulin Scaffolds
Compared with the antibody drugs, the non-immune globulin scaffolds with a small molecular weight, do not need to be modified after translation, usually lack disulfide bonds, and can undergo straightforward multimerization. In recent years, the development of non-immune globulin scaffolds have reached more than 20 different types, such as Adhirons, Alphabodies, Centyrins, Pronectins, Repebodies, Affimers, and Obodies. 102 proteins have been specifically targeted by 139 different non-Ig scaffold binders. These non-immune globulin scaffolds are used for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer and inflammatory diseases, and there are more than 10 types of non-immune globulin scaffolds have been used in clinical trials. Recently, non-immune globulin scaffolds have also been used in research as structure determination chaperones, which are used in the study for intracellular monitoring of post-translational modifications or as an alternative to antibodiesfor microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, and so on.
Biotechnology / Antibody alternatives / Non-immunoglobulin scaffolds {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 qRT-PCR primers表1 qRT-PCR引物序列 |
Name | Sequence (5'-3') |
---|---|
Mag-Fp | CTGCCGCTGTTTTGGATAATGA |
Mag-Rp | CATCGGGGAAGTCGAAACGG |
Mbp-Fp | GACCATCCAAGAAGACCCCAC |
Mbp-Rp | GCCATAATGGGTAGTTCTCGTGT |
Olig2-Fp | GGGAGGTCATGCCTTACGC |
Olig2-Rp | CTCCAGCGAGTTGGTGAGC |
Sox10-Fp | ACACCTTGGGACACGGTTTTC |
Sox10-Rp | TAGGTCTTGTTCCTCGGCCAT |
Gfap-Fp | CGGAGACGCATCACCTCTG |
Gfap-Rp | AGGGAGTGGAGGAGTCATTCG |
β-actin-Fp | GGCTGTATTCCCCTCCATCG |
β-actin-Rp | CCAGTTGGTAACAATGCCATGT |
Fig.2 Effect of metformin on cell viability and protein expression(a) Western blot analysis of MAG, ALDH1L using indicated antibodies in Oli-neu cells after metformin (0, 100 μmol/L, 300 μmol/L, 900 μmol/L) treatment for 48 h (b) Western blot analysis of OLIG2, MBP, ALDH1L1, GFAP in OPC after metformin treatment for 48 h (c) CCK8 assay showed relative cell viability in OPC after metformin treatment 图2 二甲双胍对细胞活力和蛋白表达的影响 |
Fig.3 Metformin modulates OPC differentiation(a) Immunofluorescence labeling of PDGFRα (green) and OLIG2 (red) in cells after 100 μmol/L metformin treatment for 48 h (b) Quantification of the percentage of PDGFRα+OLIG2+ cells *** P< 0.001 (c),(d) Flow cytometry analysis of PDGFRα in living cells after 100 μmol/L metformin treatment for 48 h (e) Quantification of the percentage of PDGFRα+ cells *** P<0.001 (f) Immunostainings of MBP (green) in cells treated with metformin for 48 h (g) Quantification of MBP+ cells *** P<0.001 (h) The mRNA levels of Mag, Mbp, Olig2, Sox10 and Gfap in primary cells after 100 μmol/L metformin treatment n=4 each group, * P< 0.05, ** P<0.01 (i) Western blot analysis of protein levels (OLIG2, MBP, ALDH1L1, GFAP) in OPCs treated with metformin for 48 h 图3 二甲双胍促进OPC分化 |
Fig.4 The mechanism of metformin modulating OPC differentiation(a) Immunoblotting analysis of RAS, p-MEK, MEK, p-ERK, ERK protein levels in Oli-neu cells after metformin treatment for 0, 5, 10 and 30 min (b) Immunoblotting analysis of the protein expression in OPC after metformin treatment for 5 min (c) Quantification of protein expression * P<0.05, *** P<0.001 (d) The model depicts the role and mechanism of metformin in oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation 图4 二甲双胍促进OPC分化的机制 |
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