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| Advances in Genetic Research Related to the Synthesis of Alternaria alternata Toxins |
| WANG Hong-xiu, ZHANG Qian, WANG Ling-jie, TANG Ke-zhi |
| Southwest University/Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China |
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Abstract Alternaria Nees which can produce at least 9 HST, are one of the most cosmopolitan fungus. According to different hosts, seven of Alternaria Nees are considered distinct pathotypes of Alternaria alternata. Each pathotype produces specific HST, a diverse group of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites, which is toxic to susceptible cultivars, but not to resistant cultivars. The genes participating in HST biosynthesis are multi-cope genes which constitute gene clusters. These gene clusters are located on a <2.0Mb CD chromosome which determines the pathogenicity of the A.alternate. The inherent instability of the chromosomes does not affect hypha growth or conidium germination, but does affect the disease-causing capacity on host plants. The HST biosynthetic genes have been isolated from six pathotypes of A.alternate. HST produced by the Japanese pear, strawberry and tangerine pathotype have a common structural moiety, EDA, and these three pathotypes share common genes required for EDA biosynthesis. Studies of the molecular genetics of HST production have provided new insights into the evolution of A.alternata pathotypes.
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Received: 11 June 2015
Published: 24 November 2015
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