Progress on Biological Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2005049

China Biotechnology

2020, Vol. 40

Issue (10): 85-95 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2005049

Progress on Biological Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides

CHEN Chun-lin¹,QIN Song²,SONG Wan-lin²,LIU Zhi-dan^1,^**(

),LIU Zheng-yi^2,^**(

)

1 Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
2 Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai 264003, China

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Abstract

Degraded from alginate, alginate Oligosaccharides (AOS) is widely applies into various fields due to its physiological activities such as antioxidation, antitumor, bacteriostatic effect, immune regulation, promotion of cell growth and so on. The main preparation methods include physical degradation, chemical degradation and biological degradation, and brief comparison of these methods is summarized in this review. This paper mainly concludes biological preparation of AOS, including enzymatic hydrolysis by alginate lyase, microbial whole-cell fermentation and biosynthesis. Genetic engineering is of great significance in constructing genetically modified strain to improve the efficiency of biological method, so it is introduced in this review. In addition, the case of medium scale AOS biological preparation is also scientifically cited in this paper, and the future research directions of industrial production of AOS is prospected briefly. Realizing recommendations above will provide reference material for the future industrial preparation and applications of AOS.

Key words： Alginate oligosaccharides Physiological activities Biological preparation Genetic engineering Large-scale preparation

Received: 22 May 2020 Published: 10 November 2020

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Corresponding Authors: Zhi-dan LIU,Zheng-yi LIU E-mail: zdliu@cau.edu.cn;zyliu@yic.ac.cn

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	Chun-lin CHEN
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Cite this article:

CHEN Chun-lin,QIN Song,SONG Wan-lin,LIU Zhi-dan,LIU Zheng-yi. Progress on Biological Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides. China Biotechnology, 2020, 40(10): 85-95.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2005049 OR https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2020/V40/I10/85

Table 1 Biological functions and potential applications of AOS

Fig.1 Preparation of alginate oligosaccharides by biological methods

Table 2 Biochemical characteristics and degradation rules of alginate lyase from different sources

Fig.2 Construction of enzyme-producing engineering bacteria by genetic engineering technology

Table 3 Biochemical characteristics and degradation of recombinant alginate lyase

方法	技术	操作条件		产物性质		优点		不足		参考文献
物理法	微波法	褐藻胶溶液预热高温(约130℃)微波降解过滤分离冷冻干燥		1~10DP饱和古洛糖醛酸平均分子量3.2kDa		清洁高效耗时短		随温度和降解时延长副产物增多产物分子量高		[6]
	γ-辐照法	原料准备混入降解敏化剂辐照降解分离收集干燥		M/G比值逐渐 C==O双键结构^[7]		简便高效过程易控成本低廉		引入其他基团高剂量辐照产生褐变		[7,55]
化学法	光化学法	褐藻胶溶液 TiO₂ 催化紫外降解产物分离收集干燥		分子量108kDa(3h) 分子量70kDa(6h)		操作简单化学结构不变		产物分子量高效率低机理不明		[56]
	水热法	样品和催化剂水热降解分离收集干燥		分子量大(>50kDa)^[57] 形成羰基、羧基等官能团^[58]		操作简单成本低廉		副产物较多高温可能破坏产物结构		[57,58]
	亚临界热解	样品及催化剂装载亚临界热解过滤收集干燥		产生甘露糖醛酸和古洛糖醛酸单体		环保无毒		高温可能破坏产物结构		[59]
	酸解法	褐藻胶溶胀强酸降解高温反应调pH(约2.85)收集干燥		产生二糖-六糖系列寡糖^[60] 饱和的非还原端残基^[1]		产物种类丰富成本较低产物抗氧化性能好		耗时长部分降解产物品质差		[60,61]
	氧化降解法	褐藻胶溶胀加氧化剂降解乙醇沉淀过滤除杂烘干		还原端C-1位氧化为羧基色泽洁白		工艺简单产物性质稳定		反应相对剧烈引入羧基过程可控性低		[ 9]
方法	技术	操作条件	产物性质		优点		不足		参考文献
	有机合成	关键底物(如1,6-脱氢-β-l-吡喃寡糖)制备基团组装和连接基团保护与去保护产物分离	利用GM构建了寡糖片段(GMG, GMGGMG等)		精准合成		产量低多重基团保护于去保护		[10]
生物法	酶促降解法	褐藻胶-磷酸盐溶液加酶降解4~12h 水浴灭活收集产物干燥	共轭烯酸结构^[62] 不饱和寡糖^[41] 产物2~5 DP^[31,32]		“三废”污染少反应条件温和副产物少		酶活低酶分离纯化繁琐酶的可复用性差		[5,38,62]
	产酶微生物全细胞发酵	微生物发酵液制备酶解褐藻胶乙醇沉淀干燥	产物2~6DP 聚合度均一性较好		无需分离酶副产物少特异性强		微生物产酶的产量和性质不稳定难以调控		[12]
	工程菌发酵	工程菌发酵液制备酶解褐藻胶乙醇沉淀干燥	发酵液中2~3DP AOS收率91.7%		产物均一性好产物聚合度低产率更高		成本较高周期长		[43]
	酶促合成	产酶微生物发酵液准备加入合成底物发酵产物分离干燥	葡萄糖为底物产生AOS^[45]		特异性强精确控制区域选择性和立体选择性		成本较高产率低产物品种单一		[28,63]

Table 4 Comparison of different preparation methods of AOS


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