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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (11): 105-115    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2306022
综述     
生物基可降解材料PHA提取工艺研究进展*
卢承蓉1,张梦君1,2,**(),郑维爽1,2,陆晓娟1,于盛洋1,黄艺1,3
1 北京大学深圳研究院 深圳 518057
2 深港产学研基地(北京大学香港科技大学深圳研修院) 深圳 518057
3 北京大学环境科学与工程学院 北京 100871
Advances in Extraction Processes of Biodegradable Biomaterials PHA
LU Cheng-rong1,ZHANG Meng-jun1,2,**(),ZHENG Wei-shuang1,2,LU Xiao-juan1,YU Sheng-yang1,HUANG Yi1,3
1 Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
2 PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hongkong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
3 College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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摘要：

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate,PHA)作为一类广泛存在于微生物胞内的高分子聚酯,具有可完全生物降解性和优良生物相容性,被认为是最具环保潜力的生物基高分子材料。近年来,随着合成生物学技术在PHA合成菌改造中的应用,以及社会经济发展对PHA这类生物可降解材料潜在需求的日益增加,PHA的生物发酵工艺取得了一定突破,而提取成本成为了限制PHA商业化应用的关键要素。系统阐述了采用物理、化学和生物法提取PHA的技术工艺,概述了各种技术工艺的原理,并对各工艺的优缺点进行了比较分析,以期为PHA提取的进一步降本增效提供信息参考。基于PHA提取工艺开发现状,也对其发展方向进行了展望。目前PHA提取工艺通常为多种提取方法的结合使用,以改善单一提取工艺本身的局限性,但其工艺条件仍有待优化。采用合成生物技术,构建新型PHA回收生物体系,是未来进一步降低PHA提取成本的有效策略。
关键词： 聚羟基脂肪酸酯;  物理提取法;  化学提取法;  生物提取法;  合成生物技术    
Abstract:

As a class of polymer polyester widely existing in microbial cells, Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) has complete biodegradability and excellent biocompatibility, and is considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly bio-based polymer materials. In recent years, the utilization of synthetic biotechnology in genetically modified PHA-producing bacteria, coupled with the escalating demand for eco-friendly materials such as PHA in social and economic development, has led to significant advancements in PHA fermentation technology. However, the extraction cost has emerged as a pivotal factor impeding the commercial application of PHA. This article comprehensively summarizes the technologies and principles underlying various PHA extraction processes, encompassing physical, chemical and biological methods. Furthermore, it conducts a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each extraction process, with the aim of providing valuable information and references for further cost reduction and efficiency enhancement in PHA extraction. Building upon the current state of PHA extraction process development, this article also presents prospects for the development of PHA extraction. Presently, PHA extraction processes typically combine multiple extraction methods to overcome the limitations of individual techniques; however, process conditions still necessitate optimization. The application of a novel PHA recovery biological system constructed using synthetic biotechnology holds great promise as the most effective strategy for reducing the cost of PHA extraction in the future.
Key words: Polyhydroxyalkanoate    Physical extraction method    Chemical extraction method    Biological extraction method    Synthetic biotechnology
收稿日期: 2023-06-15 出版日期: 2023-12-01
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: *广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项资金(粤自然资合[2022]037号);中国博士后科学基金(2022M720280);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515110814)
通讯作者: 张梦君     E-mail: zhangmj@ier.org.cn
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引用本文:

卢承蓉,张梦君,郑维爽,陆晓娟,于盛洋,黄艺. 生物基可降解材料PHA提取工艺研究进展*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2023, 43(11): 105-115.

LU Cheng-rong,ZHANG Meng-jun,ZHENG Wei-shuang,LU Xiao-juan,YU Sheng-yang,HUANG Yi. Advances in Extraction Processes of Biodegradable Biomaterials PHA. China Biotechnology, 2023, 43(11): 105-115.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2306022    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2023/V43/I11/105

提取方法 类型 优点 缺点 参考文献
物理提取法 高压匀浆 污染少 高能耗,提取效率低 [5]
超声波
化学提取法 卤化试剂 回收率高,纯度高 污染环境,成本高,不适用于大规模生产 [6]
非卤化试剂 回收率高,纯度高,毒性低 成本较高 [7]
化学消解 污染少,成本低 回收率低,纯度低,可能会降解PHA [8]
双水相萃取(ATPS) 毒性低,反应条件温和,操作容量大 再现性差,理论基础未明 [9]
超临界流体萃取 化学试剂使用量低 设备成本高 [1]
生物提取法 酶消解 提取效率高,回收率高,纯度高,
反应条件温和		 成本高 [3, 10]
合成生物技术 化学试剂使用量低,提取工艺简单,
提取效率较高		 需构建基因工程菌株 [11-12]
生物体提取 化学试剂使用量低 提取效率较低,养殖成本高,
存在疾病传播风险		 [13-14]
掠食性细菌 化学试剂使用量低,成本低 可能会降解PHA [15]
表1  PHA提取方法比较
提取方法 试剂 菌株 结果 参考文献
卤化试剂 氯仿 Hydrogenophaga palleronii. 回收率:96%;纯度:99% [22]
二氯乙烷/丙酮 Cupriavidus necator 回收率:70%;纯度:97% [23]
绿色低毒试剂 乙酸乙酯 Cupriavidus necator 回收率:96%;纯度:98% [22]
丁酸乙酯 回收率:82%;纯度:98% [22]
乙醇 回收率:92%;纯度:98% [26]
碳酸二甲酯/1-丁醇 活性污泥 纯度:98% [24]
碳酸二甲酯 回收率:89%;纯度:99% [27]
化学消解 Triton X-100 Escherichia coli 回收率:100%;纯度:98% [19]
NaOH / SDS Mixed microorganism 回收率:91%;纯度:99% [31]
NaOH /乙醇 Cupriavidus necator 回收率:95%;纯度:90% [32-33]
次氯酸盐 混合微生物 回收率:100%;纯度:90% [34]
次氯酸盐/碳酸二甲酯 混合微生物 回收率:63%;纯度:98% [8]
ATPS 聚乙二醇/磷酸盐 Bacillus flexus 纯度:97% [35]
环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷 Cupriavidus necator 回收率:94%;纯化系数:1.42 [36]
超临界流体 CO2/甲苯 Cupriavidus necator 回收率:81% [37]
CO2/甲醇 活性污泥 回收率:80%;纯度:80% [38]
表2  不同化学提取法提取PHA汇总
图1  有机溶剂与非有机溶剂提取PHA对比
图2  生物提取PHA
图3  合成生物技术提取PHA
公司 生产菌株 生产/规划生产
规模/(t/a)		 提取纯化方法 参考文献
广东荷风生物科技有限公司 Halomonas sp. 1 000 高温提取 [61]
江苏蓝素生物材料有限公司 Escherichia coli 25 000 高压匀浆+表面活性剂、强氧化剂 [62]
湖北微琪生物科技有限公司 - 30 000 酶提取 [63]
宁波天安生物科技有限公司 Cupriavidus necator 2 000 高压匀浆/超声波+碱液、钠盐、表面活性剂 [60,64]
中粮生化能源(榆树)有限公司 Halomonas sp. 1 000 高温高压+超声波 [17-18,45,65]
超声波+溶菌酶、表面活性剂
氨水+超声波
北京微构工场生物技术有限公司 Halobacterium sp. - 高压匀浆/超声波/珠磨+酶、表面活性剂 [28]
表3  PHA生产公司提取工艺
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