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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (1): 87-103    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2207041
综述     
生物质谱分析法在脂质组学的应用
刘平阳1,刘占芳2,*(),周红2,朱军2,刘耀1,2,*
1 中国人民公安大学侦查学院 北京 100038
2 公安部物证鉴定中心 北京 100038
Application of Biological Mass Spectrometry in Lipidomics Analysis
LIU Ping-yang1,LIU Zhan-fang2,*(),ZHOU Hong2,ZHU Jun2,LIU Yao1,2,*
1 School of Investigation, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
2 Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
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摘要：

脂质与许多慢性病(如糖尿病、高血压)和精神系统疾病(如阿尔茨海默病)等有关。脂质组学是以现代生物技术为手段,对生物体中的全脂质进行定性和定量的一门新兴学科。目前,生物质谱分析法是对脂质谱进行分析和定量的最有效方法,国内对脂质组学的系统研究还比较匮乏。综述脂质组学的概念与分类,探究不同的生物样品前处理方法,系统介绍近几年国际上生物质谱分析法在脂质组学的应用,并对脂质组学的发展趋势进行展望。
关键词： 生物质谱分析法;  生物样品前处理方法;  脂质组学    
Abstract:

Lipids are associated with many chronic diseases (such as diabetes and hypertension) and mental system disorders (e.g.Alzheimer’s disease). Lipidomics uses modern biotechnology to analyze biological samples. It is a new field to analyze total lipids quantitatively and qualitatively. At present, biological mass spectrometry has become the most effective method in lipid analysis. However, systematic research on lipidomics is rare in the domestic literature. Based on the available literature, an overview is provided, including classification of lipidomics, pretreatment method of biological sample, and analytical methods. Moreover, different pretreatment methods of biological samples are compared and analyzed. Simultaneously, the use of biological mass spectrometry in lipidomics is systematically introduced in recent years. In addition, the future trend of lipidomics is also introduced and analyzed.
Key words: Biological mass spectrometry    Pretreatment method of biological sample    Lipidomics
收稿日期: 2022-07-20 出版日期: 2023-02-14
ZTFLH:  O657  
通讯作者: *刘占芳 电子信箱:liuzhanfang2001@163.com,刘耀   
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引用本文:

刘平阳, 刘占芳, 周红, 朱军, 刘耀. 生物质谱分析法在脂质组学的应用[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2023, 43(1): 87-103.

LIU Ping-yang, LIU Zhan-fang, ZHOU Hong, ZHU Jun, LIU Yao. Application of Biological Mass Spectrometry in Lipidomics Analysis. China Biotechnology, 2023, 43(1): 87-103.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2207041    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2023/V43/I1/87

类别 缩写 示例
脂肪酰类 FA
甘油脂类 GL
甘油磷脂类 GP
鞘脂类 SP
固醇脂类 ST
异戊烯醇脂类 PR
糖脂类 SL
聚酮化合物类 PK
表1  脂质的分类[56]
图1  生物样品的不同前处理方法[75]
图2  两批人血浆在不同LLE提取溶剂组合条件下的磷脂含量差异[95]
图3  酮康唑在不同pH和提取溶剂组合条件下的回收率[95]
类型 反相固相萃取 正相固相萃取 离子交换固相萃取
固定相官能团 烷基或芳基键合硅烷 Si-CN、Si-NH2、Si-二醇、纯硅胶等 季铵键合硅烷(强阴离子交换)、磺酸键合硅烷(强阳离子交换)、羧酸键合硅烷(弱阳离子交换)、中性胺键合硅烷(弱阴离子交换)
保留机制 非极性分子间相互作用、范德华力、分散力 极性分子间相互作用、氢键、偶极-偶极相互作用、偶极-诱导偶极相互作用 分析物和填料之间带有相反电荷的官能团的静电吸引
上样 样品加入水相缓冲液调节pH,确保分析物不被电离后再上样 样品加入非极性溶剂后再上样 样品加入水或者有机溶剂、低盐溶液,调节pH使分析物和固定相上官能团电荷相反
洗脱 极性有机溶剂 极性有机溶剂 利用pH、离子强度、溶剂改变来破坏相反电荷之间的作用或者用选择性更强的反离子竞争离子交换作用
应用 非极性至中等极性化合物 极性化合物 阳离子交换:碱性化合物,如伯、仲、叔胺和季铵盐等;阴离子交换:酸性化合物,如羧酸、磺酸等
表2  主要SPE类型、保留和洗脱机制及应用[75]
图4  生物质谱分析法工作流程
方法 脂质种类 优势 劣势
ESI-MS: 串联质谱鸟枪法脂质组学 植物脂质 灵敏度高,仪器设备成本低 脂肪酰基难以识别,脂质裂解数据分析需要专门知识储备,至少需要选择两种内标物质
ESI-MS: 高质量精度鸟枪法脂质组学 如果质谱仪有相应的软件包,则可涵盖所有脂质 高效、广泛和灵敏的脂质测定 对于非极性脂质的电离响应每次都需要校正,同位素碎片会对选定的质量范围有影响
ESI-MS: 多维质谱鸟枪法脂质组学 超过95%的细胞脂质组 样品用量少 不适用于低含量或电离难度大的脂质分析,对于同分异构体的碎裂模式相同时,无法进行区分
MALDI-MS 多种脂类,包括复杂的糖脂类 分析速度快,易于操作 基质化合物会被一起电离,使质谱分析变得复杂,导致定性和定量的灵敏度降低
IM-MS 脂质同分异构体(结构异构体、构象异构体和手性异构体)和同位素 样品前处理简单,常压下电离 只有少数特定的脂质可以进行分析
DESI-MS 磷脂、脂肪酸 样品前处理简单,常压下电离 只适用于可电离的脂质分子,如磷脂和脂肪酸
表3  生物质谱分析法在脂质组学分析方面的应用
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[1] 孙彩霞, 汪莹, 吴晓菲, 陈利军, 武志杰. 转基因抗虫棉棉籽组分的代谢组学研究[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2012, 32(11): 35-41.
[2] 孙彩霞, 汪莹, 吴晓菲, 陈利军, 武志杰. 转基因抗虫棉棉籽组分的代谢组学研究[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2012, 32(11): 35-41.
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