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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (5): 163-172    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2111054
产业发展     
转基因作物在南非的应用及对我国的启示*
黄耀辉**(),焦悦,叶纪明
农业农村部科技发展中心 北京 100176
Application of Genetically Modified Crops in South Africa and Its Enlightenment to China
HUANG Yao-hui**(),JIAO Yue,YE Ji-ming
Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
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摘要：

2019年是南非转基因作物商业化种植的第22年,3种主要转基因作物:棉花、玉米和大豆共种植了268万公顷,在全球所有转基因作物生产国中排名第八位,在非洲大陆排名第一位。这样一个具有超高转基因作物应用率的国家,有关其转基因商业化进程及现状鲜有系统介绍。综合1996~2019年的国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications,ISAAA)的报告及其他数据资料,对南非转基因作物批准和种植情况、自主研发情况、安全管理制度、进出口情况及公众接受度做了概述,并以此为基础对我国转基因产业提出建议。
关键词： 转基因作物;  种植;  安全管理    
Abstract:

The year 2019 marked South Africa’s 22 years of commercial cultivation of biotech crops, planting a total of 2.68 million hectares on the three principal genetically modified crops: cotton, maize, and soybeans. South Africa is ranked 8th among all the countries that plant genetically modified crops in the world, and is the biotechnology leader on the African continent. For such a country with a super-high application rate of genetically modified crops, there is a lack of a systematic introduction to the process and current situation of its genetically modified crops commercialization now. Using the reports and other data from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) from 1996 to 2019, this paper introduces the approval and cultivation of genetically modified crops in South Africa, independent research and development, management system, import and export situation and public acceptance. Based on this, some suggestions for our regulation on genetically modified crops in China are proposed.
Key words: Genetically modified crops    Planting    Safety management
收稿日期: 2021-11-26 出版日期: 2022-06-17
ZTFLH:  Q812  
基金资助: *国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2016ZX08012003)
通讯作者: 黄耀辉     E-mail: huangyaohui@agri.gov.cn
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引用本文:

黄耀辉,焦悦,叶纪明. 转基因作物在南非的应用及对我国的启示*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2022, 42(5): 163-172.

HUANG Yao-hui,JIAO Yue,YE Ji-ming. Application of Genetically Modified Crops in South Africa and Its Enlightenment to China. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(5): 163-172.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2111054    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2022/V42/I5/163

种类 名称 性状 食用 饲用 种植
油菜 73496 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
HCN92 (Topas 19/2) 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MS1 × RF1 (PGS1) 耐除草剂/授粉控制 √ √ ×
MS1 × RF2 (PGS2) 耐除草剂/授粉控制 √ √ ×
MS8 × RF3 耐除草剂/授粉控制 √ √ ×
棉花 LLCotton25 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON1076 抗虫 √ √ √
MON1445 耐除草剂 √ √ √
MON15985 抗虫 × × √
MON1698 耐除草剂 √ √ √
MON531 抗虫 √ √ √
MON531 × MON1445 抗虫/耐除草剂 × × √
MON757 抗虫 √ √ √
MON88913 耐除草剂 × × √
MON88913 × MON15985 抗虫/耐除草剂 × × √
玉米 4114 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
5307 × MIR604 × Bt11 × TC1507 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
5307 × MIR604 × Bt11 × TC1507 × GA21 × MIR162 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
59122 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
59122 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt11 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
Bt11 × 59122 × MIR604 × TC1507 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt11 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
Bt11 × MIR162 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt11 × MIR162 × MIR604 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt11 × MIR162 × TC1507 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt11 × MIR604 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt11 × MIR604 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
Bt176 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
DAS40278 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
GA21 耐除草剂 √ √ √
GA21 × MON810 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MIR162 抗虫 √ √ ×
MIR604 抗虫 √ √ ×
MIR604 × GA21 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON810 抗虫 × × √
种类 名称 性状 食用 饲用 种植
MON810 × MON88017 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON863 抗虫 √ √ ×
MON863 × MON810 抗虫 √ √ ×
MON863 × MON810 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON88017 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON89034 抗虫 √ √ √
MON89034 × MON88017 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON89034 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
MON89034 × TC1507 × MON88017 × 59122 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON89034 × TC1507 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
NK603 耐除草剂 √ √ √
NK603 × MON810 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
NK603 × T25 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
T14 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
T25 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
TC1507 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
TC1507 × 59122 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
TC1507 × 59122 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
TC1507 × MON810 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
TC1507 × MON810 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ √
TC1507 × NK603 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
水稻 LLRICE62 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
大豆 A2704-12 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
A2704-21 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
A5547-35 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
CV127 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
DAS44406-6 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
DP305423 品质性状改良 √ √ ×
DP305423 × GTS 40-3-2 品质性状改良/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
DP356043 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
GTS 40-3-2 耐除草剂 × × √
MON87701 × MON89788 抗虫/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON87705 × MON87708 × MON89788 品质性状改良/耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON87708 × MON89788 × A5547-127 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
MON89788 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
SYHT0H2 耐除草剂 √ √ ×
表1  南非批准用于食用、饲用或种植的转化体
图1  南非转基因作物种植面积及应用率
图2  南非转基因玉米种植应用情况
图3  南非转基因大豆种植应用情况
图4  南非转基因棉花种植应用情况
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