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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2024, Vol. 44 Issue (1): 52-60    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2312105
生物经济核心产业专题     
合成生物学发展脉络概述
李玉娟1,3,傅雄飞1,张先恩2,4,*()
1 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院合成生物学研究所 深圳 518055
2 深圳理工大学(筹)合成生物学院 深圳 518055
3 澳门大学法学院 澳门 999078
4 中国科学院生物物理研究所生物大分子国家重点实验室 北京 100101
A Brief Overview of Synthetic Biology
Yujuan LI1,3,Xiongfei FU1,Xianen ZHANG2,4,*()
1 Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
2 Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3 Faculty of Law, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
4 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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摘要：

合成生物学作为认识生命的“钥匙”、改变未来的颠覆性技术,打开了从非生命物质向生命物质转化的大门,实现生命体系的理性设计与编辑,为生命科学研究提供了新范式,促进生物技术迭代发展,成为未来生物产业发展的驱动力。经过20余年的发展,合成生物学领域已取得系列突破,创新应用逐步实现,学科体系渐成。合成生物学的发展脉络可概括为三个方向:一是使能技术与理论创新的系列突破;二是基因组合成与组装能力的迭代提升;三是细胞工厂和新生物系统的构建与应用。在此基础上,阐述合成生物学学科体系框架,展望未来发展趋势。
关键词： 合成生物学;  工程生物学;  使能技术;  基因组编辑;  学科体系    
Abstract:

Synthetic biology, as a groundbreaking and transformative technology for understanding life, has opened the door to the transformation of non-living matter into living matter. It enables the rational design and editing of biological systems, providing a new paradigm for life science research and catalyzing the iterative development of biotechnology. Over the past two decades, synthetic biology has achieved a series of breakthroughs, gradually realizing innovative applications and establishing a disciplinary framework. The development of synthetic biology can be broadly grouped into three directions: first, a series of breakthroughs in enabling technologies; second, the iterative improvement of the synthesis and assembly capabilities of biological genomes; and third, the construction and application of cell factories and novel biological systems (“build to learn” and “build to use”). Based on the progress in life sciences, we attempt to elucidate the disciplinary framework of synthetic biology, and envision future trends.
Key words: Synthetic biology    Engineering biology    Enabling technology    Genome editing    Disciplinary framework
收稿日期: 2024-01-09 出版日期: 2024-02-04
ZTFLH:  Q81  
通讯作者: * 电子信箱:zhangxe@siat.ac.cn   
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引用本文:

李玉娟, 傅雄飞, 张先恩. 合成生物学发展脉络概述[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2024, 44(1): 52-60.

Yujuan LI, Xiongfei FU, Xianen ZHANG. A Brief Overview of Synthetic Biology. China Biotechnology, 2024, 44(1): 52-60.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2312105    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2024/V44/I1/52

比较 生物技术 合成生物学
属性 利用生物体系造福人类,属于基因产业 利用生物体系造福人类,属于基因产业
应用 医药健康、生物工业、生物农业、生物能源、环境修复、生物材料、生物电子与生物信息,等 医药健康、生物工业、生物农业、生物能源、环境修复、生物材料、生物电子与生物信息,等
手段 单个外源基因的克隆与表达 生物设计、大规模基因组合成与组装、基因网络编辑、底盘细胞、人工智能(黑箱模型)与生物智造
形式 一个基因,一个产业:乙肝疫苗、胰岛素、干扰素、抗体药基因修饰作物,等 生物设计,多基因协同:合成疫苗及药物、精准细胞治疗、复杂代谢产品、基因网络育种、新功能生物电子、生物传感、生物材料,等
能力 初级 高级
表1  合成生物学与生物技术的关联与区别
图1  合成生物学发展脉络
图2  合成生物学学科体系框架
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