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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (11): 140-154    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2209041
生物质资源     
厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥的培育及应用研究进展*
吴绪军1,2,鲁雷震1,马里千1,颜素1,张雪英1,雍晓雨1,周俊1,**()
1 南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院 南京 211816
2 长兴瑷晟环保科技有限公司 长兴 313100
Research Progress of the Cultivation and Influencing Factors of Anaerobic Granular Sludge in Anaerobic Reactor
WU Xu-jun1,2,LU Lei-zhen1,MA Li-qian1,YAN Su1,ZHANG Xue-ying1,YONG Xiao-yu1,ZHOU Jun1,**()
1 College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
2 Changxing Ai Sheng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Changxing 313100, China
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摘要：

厌氧生物处理技术因其具有有机负荷高、污泥产量低、能耗低等优点被广泛应用于各种废水处理中。厌氧颗粒污泥具有沉降性能好、微生物浓度高、有机负荷高等优点,极大地提高了废水处理效率。尤其在处理含高氨氮废水中,厌氧颗粒污泥的形成对反应器的高效生物脱氮至关重要。但到目前为止,厌氧反应器中的颗粒污泥形成及废水处理效果还缺乏系统的认识。鉴于此,总结了厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥的形成机制,分析了影响厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥形成的因素,论述了厌氧反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥生长的模拟,最后介绍了厌氧颗粒污泥在国内外的主流应用。厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥的形成是综合因素影响的结果,对影响厌氧颗粒污泥形成的每个因素都需要认真对待,可为在厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥的培育和应用提供理论指导和技术支撑。
关键词： 厌氧反应器;  厌氧颗粒污泥;  废水;  模拟    
Abstract:

Anaerobic biological treatment technology has been widely used in various wastewater treatments because of its advantages of high organic load, low sludge output and low energy consumption. Anaerobic granular sludge has the advantages of good settling performance, high microbial concentration and high organic load, which can greatly improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In particular, in the treatment of wastewater containing high ammonia nitrogen, the formation of anaerobic granular sludge is also essential for the efficient biological nitrogen removal in the reactor. But up to now, we still lack a systematic understanding of the formation of granular sludge in anaerobic reactors and the effect of wastewater treatment. So, this paper summarized the formation mechanism of anaerobic granular sludge in anaerobic reactors, analyzed the influencing factors, discussed the simulation of anaerobic granular sludge growth in anaerobic reactors, and finally analyzed the mainstream application of anaerobic granular sludge at home and abroad. The formation of granular sludge in anaerobic reactors is the result of multiple factors, and every factor that affects the formation of anaerobic granular sludge should be treated seriously. The theoretical guidance and technical support for the cultivation and application of granular sludge in anaerobic reactors were provided in this paper.
Key words: Anaerobic reactor    Anaerobic granular sludge    Wastewater    Simulation
收稿日期: 2022-09-15 出版日期: 2022-12-07
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: *江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BK20220003);江苏省创新支撑计划(国际科技合作/港澳台科技合作)(BZ2022052);江苏省先进生物制造创新中心(XTD2204)
通讯作者: **电子信箱:zhoujun@njtech.edu.cn   
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吴绪军
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引用本文:

吴绪军, 鲁雷震, 马里千, 颜素, 张雪英, 雍晓雨, 周俊. 厌氧反应器中颗粒污泥的培育及应用研究进展*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2022, 42(11): 140-154.

WU Xu-jun, LU Lei-zhen, MA Li-qian, YAN Su, ZHANG Xue-ying, YONG Xiao-yu, ZHOU Jun. Research Progress of the Cultivation and Influencing Factors of Anaerobic Granular Sludge in Anaerobic Reactor. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(11): 140-154.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2209041    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2022/V42/I11/140

图1  厌氧颗粒污泥的菌群分布
图2  厌氧颗粒污泥形成的多价阳离子模型(a)及聚合物模型(b)示意图[14]
图3  厌氧颗粒污泥形成的过程[8]
添加物质 反应器 有机负荷和水力停留时间 积极作用 参考文献
沸石 EGSB HRT 12 h 有利于微生物与基质接触和颗粒形成 Pérez-Pérez等[52]
活性炭 UASB OLR 2.9~12.0 g COD/(L·d)
HRT 5.6 d		 促进了产甲烷菌富集,提高了甲烷产率和
底物降解率		 Xu等[53]
泥炭土 UASB OLR 1.8 kg COD/(L·d) 改善了反应器中污泥的沉降性能、剪切阻力 Chen等[54]
硬硅钙纤维粒子 UASB OLR 0.8~5 kg COD/(L·d) 加快了反应器中污泥的颗粒化进程 韩剑宏等[55]
Ca2+(150~
300 mg/L)		 UASB OLR 2.0~8.0 g COD/(L·d)
HRT 12~48 h		 增加了反应器内的生物量 Yu等[56]
PVA/CS和PVA/
CS/Fe小球		 UASB — 微生物聚集更密集,颗粒培养速度加快,颗粒
较大,并具有良好的沉降速率		 Wang等[61]
微生物菌株 EGSB OLR 4.0 kg COD/(L·d) HRT 12 h 较大颗粒直径、较高的胞外聚合物产量和相对疏水性 Ding等[60]
Fe2+ UASB OLR 1.4~10.0 g COD/(L·d)
HRT 20 h		 促进颗粒污泥的形成,增加了颗粒污泥的直径
和沉降性能,降低了污泥床孔隙度		 Vlyssides等[57]
信号分子 实验室
血清瓶		 OLR 15.6 kg COD/(L·d) 改变细菌和产甲烷菌的群落结构,提高厌氧
颗粒污泥的有机物去除能力和产甲烷能力		 Lv等[49]
表1  添加不同物质促进厌氧污泥颗粒化
图4  颗粒污泥反应器内发生的关键现象[63]
反应器 规模/m3 废水来源 反应器容器负荷/
[kg COD/(m3·d)]		 进水COD浓度/
(mg/L)		 COD去除率/% 参考文献
EGSB 28.6 模拟城市废水 1.35~2.70 450 82.3 Yang等[67]
UASB 20 合成生活废水 1~2 500 91.8 Liu等[69]
UASB 4.7 合成生活废水 0.5~2 500 82 Zhang等[68]
EGSB 101 英国Builth Wells市城市废水 — 2~200(BOD浓度) 85(BOD去除率) Trego等[70]
AnGMBR 30 模拟生活废水 0.22~1.37 230~280 89 张博康等[71]
G-AnMBR 6.2 模拟生活废水 0.5 274 92.3 Sanchez等[72]
UASB 11 实际城市废水 — 637 73 Serrano León等[73]
ABR 89.5 合成生活废水 0.97~1.48 440~601 85~87 赵来利等[74]
ABR 14.55 合成生活废水 0.5 500 70 杜接弟等[75]
EGSB 2.5 合成生活废水 24.5~25.7 600~800 85 任洪强等[76]
表2  部分厌氧颗粒污泥对低浓度废水的处理效果
反应器 规模/m3 废水来源 反应器容器负荷/
[kg COD/(m3·d)]		 进水COD浓度/
(mg/L)		 COD去除率/% 参考文献
EGSB 1004 造纸废水 10~15 2 200~2 400 70~80 周焕祥等[77]
SCA 27 印染废水 — 1 398~4 143 62.7 Yang等[78]
MIC 20 印染废水 4.8~9.6 1 761~3 901 85 Wang等[79]
BLR 883.1 啤酒废水 8.3 2 032~2 402 90 Xu等[80]
IC+UASB 828 果汁废水 11.7 7 800 76 王立军等[81]
ABR 18 玉米淀粉加工废水 4.0 6 000 90.5 Zhang等[82]
UASB 6 淀粉废水 0.001~0.008 1 000 81.1~98.7 Lu等[83]
UASB 476 乙醇废水 4.77 2 600~4 400 70 于鲁冀等[84]
CIC 4.6 木薯废水 2.83 6 500~8 000 94 Su等[85]
IC 100 棉浆废水 18 3 500 68 Cui等[86]
UAFB 60 制糖废水 7.8~9.6 2 000~8 000 90 Farhadian等[87]
UASB 6 味精废水 0.008 7 915 97.9 Chen等[88]
IC 1560 柠檬酸废水 15 8 200 80 王江全[89]
UASB混合反应器 141 化学合成制药废水 8 6 000~2 7000 72 Oktem等[90]
UASB 4.715 石油废水 11 500-5000 93 Chen等[91]
表3  部分厌氧颗粒污泥对高浓度废水的处理效果
反应器 规模/m3 废水来源 进水COD浓度
/(mg/L)		 COD去除
率/%		 处理效果 参考文献
双循环(DC)
厌氧反应器		 4.8 中药厂制药废水 3 500~4 000 95 可成功处理含大黄酸的中药废水 Su等[92]
实验室厌氧
反应器		 0.25 合成的阿莫西林废水 2 000 92.4 预处理降解与厌氧生物结合可处理阿莫西林制药废水 Su等[93]
ECSB 527.34 威士忌酒厂废水 9 046.6 95.7 能有效去除废水中的COD Lin等[94]
EGSB 464.32 威士忌酒厂废水 9 046.6 94.8 能有效去除废水中的COD Lin等[94]
ECSB 75 合成纤维生产废水 7 992 85.5 表现出了较强的处理效果,COD、THF、BDO、BTO去除率分别达到85.5%、79.8%、100%、100% Wang等[95]
厌氧消化池 0.75 城市生活垃圾渗滤液 5 625 81.8 加入嗜热颗粒污泥,COD去除率达到了81.8%,甲烷产量达到117.3 mL CH4/(g·d) Feng等[98]
实验室血清瓶 1 猪场废水 7 000 85 外加颗粒污泥加强了废水处理效果 Zeng等[99]
厌氧反应器 4 木材加工厂加工废水 1 800~4 000 52.39 厌氧颗粒污泥可以作为木质素纤维的载体,COD去除率最大为52.39% 方奕涛等[100]
表4  部分厌氧颗粒污泥对难生物降解、重金属、有毒有害废水的处理效果
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