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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (11): 27-42    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2209008
生物遗传资源     
中国药用当归属植物研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析*
李胜硕1,2,3,李佳1,2,3,康淑荷1,2,3,**(),郭金旺1,2,3,詹梦茹1,2,3
1 西北民族大学化学工程学院 兰州 730106
2 国家民族事务委员会环境友好复合材料重点实验室 兰州 730106
3 甘肃省生物质功能复合材料工程研究中心 兰州 730106
Research Progress and Predictive Analysis of Quality Markers of Angelica Medicinal Plants in China
LI Sheng-shuo1,2,3,LI Jia1,2,3,KANG Shu-he1,2,3,**(),GUO Jin-wang1,2,3,ZHAN Meng-ru1,2,3
1 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730106,China
2 Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composites of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730106, China
3 Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center,Lanzhou 730106, China
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摘要：

中国药用当归属植物资源丰富,包括当归、白芷、独活等34种药材,临床使用广且药用价值极高,富含香豆素类、多糖类、有机酸类、苯酚类、挥发油类等成分,除补血活血、调经止痛、润肠通便的传统功效,还具有抗氧化、抗衰老、保护神经元、抗肿瘤等药理作用,应用前景广阔。综述了中国药用当归属植物的分布及其药用功效、化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,为当归属植物的开发利用提供参考。并且根据质量标志物(Q-marker)概念,把影响中国药用当归属植物质量的因素概括为当归属药用植物品种、植物产区、化学成分、炮制方法,以及传统功效和网络药理学的预测分析等。从不同方面对中国药用当归属植物进行分析和论述,为建立和完善中国药用当归属植物的质量控制及评价方法提供参考。
关键词： 药用当归属植物;  化学成分;  药理作用;  质量标志物;  质量控制    
Abstract:

Chinese Angelica plants have rich plant resources, including 34 kinds of herbs such as Angelica, Angelica dahurica, and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, widely used clinically and have high medicinal value. They are rich in coumarin, polysaccharide, organic acid, phenol, and naphtha. In addition to their traditional effects of replenishing the blood supply and invigorating the circulation of blood, regulating the menstrual cycle and relieving pain in the lower abdomen, and moistening intestines to relieve constipation, they also have anti-oxidation, anti-aging, neuron-protection, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects. They have a broad application prospect. In this paper, the distribution, medicinal efficacy, chemical composition and pharmacological effect of Chinese Angelica plants were reviewed, which can provide reference for the development and utilization of Angelica plants. According to the concept of Q-marker, the factors affecting the quality of Chinese Angelica plants can be summarized as the varieties of medicinal plants, plant production areas, chemical components, processing methods, traditional efficacy and online pharmacology prediction and analysis. In order to provide reference for establishing and improving their quality control and evaluation methods, this paper analyzed and discussed the Chinese Angelica plants from different aspects.
Key words: Angelica plants    Chemical component    Pharmacologic effect    Quality markers(Q-markers)    Quality control
收稿日期: 2022-09-03 出版日期: 2022-12-07
ZTFLH:  TQ35  
基金资助: *中央高校创新团队项目(31920190018);*中央高校创新团队项目(31920190013);国家自然科学基金(21968032)
通讯作者: **电子信箱:523429214@qq.com   
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李胜硕
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引用本文:

李胜硕, 李佳, 康淑荷, 郭金旺, 詹梦茹. 中国药用当归属植物研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2022, 42(11): 27-42.

LI Sheng-shuo, LI Jia, KANG Shu-he, GUO Jin-wang, ZHAN Meng-ru. Research Progress and Predictive Analysis of Quality Markers of Angelica Medicinal Plants in China. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(11): 27-42.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2209008    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2022/V42/I11/27

植物学名 别名 产地 药用功效
当归Angelica
sinensis(Oliv.)Diels		 秦归、云归 主产甘肃东南部,以岷县产量多,质量好,其次为云南、四川、陕西、湖北等省,均为栽培 补血、和血、调经止痛,润肠滑肠;治月经不调,经闭腹痛,症瘕结聚、崩漏、血虚头痛、眩晕、痿痹、肠燥便难,赤痢后重、痈疽疮疡、跌打损伤
东当归Angelica
acutiloba		 延边当归、日本当归 吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州的延吉、珲春、和龙等县 月经不调,经来腹痛,腰痛、崩漏,大便干燥,痢疾腹痛等症
黑水当归Angelica
amurensis		 朝鲜白芷、黑龙江当归 黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古。朝鲜、俄罗斯远东地区、日本 镇痛,消炎
狭叶当归Angelica
anomala		 额水独活、白山独活、异形当归、库页白芷、水大活 黑龙江、吉林和内蒙古。朝鲜、苏联西伯利亚东部 祛风除湿,消肿止痛。主风寒感冒,头痛鼻塞,鼻渊,牙龈肿痛,疮肿,带下
重齿当归Angelica
biserrata		 香独活、独活(浙江)、绩独活(安徽)、大活、山大活(湖北)、川独活、肉独活(四川、陕西、药材名)、资邱独活、巴东独活、恩施独活(湖北药材名)、玉活(江西) 四川(巫山、巫溪)、湖北(恩施、巴东)、江西(庐山)、安徽、浙江(天目山) 风寒湿痹,腰膝酸痛,头痛,齿痛、痈疡、漫肿等症
白芷Angelica
dahurica		 兴安白芷(中国高等植物图鉴)、河北独活(北京植物志)、大活、香大活、走马芹、走马芹筒子(东北)、狼山芹(黑龙江) 东北及华北地区,台湾北部、四川、浙江、湖南、湖北、江西、江苏、安徽及南方一些省区 祛风,散湿,排脓,生肌止痛;主治风寒感冒,前额头痛,鼻窦炎,牙痛,痔漏、便血、白带、痈疖肿毒、烧伤等症
紫花前胡Angelica
decursiva		 土当归(江苏、安徽、江西、湖南)、野当归(西南各省)、独活(浙江、江西)、麝香菜(安徽、甘肃)、鸭脚前胡、鸭脚当归、老虎爪(湖南) 辽宁、河北、陕西、河南、四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、广西、广东、台湾 解热、镇咳、祛痰药,用于感冒、发热、头痛、气管炎、咳嗽、胸闷等症
朝鲜当归Angelica
gigas		 大独活(东北植物检索表)、土当归、野当归、大野芹(吉林延边)、紫花芹(辽宁) 朝鲜和日本 袪风通脉,活血止痛。主风湿病痹痛,跌打损伤肿疼
滨当归Angelica
hirsutiflora		 无 台湾 补血调经、活血止痛、润肠通便
疏叶当归Angelica
laxifo-liata		 红果当归(药学学报)、骚羌活(四川茂汶)、猪独活(四川阿坝) 甘肃南部秦岭山区、四川西部和东北部大巴山区 祛风胜湿,通络止痛。主风寒湿痹,腰膝酸痛,头痛,跌打伤痛,疮肿
丽江当归Angelica
likiangensis		 无 云南(丽江) 祛风除湿、通经活络、消炎生肌
长序当归Angelica
longipes		 无 云南 补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄、眩晕心悸、月经不调、经闭痛经、虚寒腹痛、肠燥便秘、风湿痹痛、跌扑损伤、痈疽疮疡
大叶当归Angelica
megaphylla		 无 四川 血虚萎黄,月经不调,经闭痛经,肠燥便秘,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡
福参Angelica
morii		 建人参(金御乘方)、土人参、土当归、土参、山芹菜、天池参(福建) 浙江、福建、台湾 脾虚泄泻,虚寒咳嗽、蛇咬伤、肿胀
玉山当归Angelica
morrisonicola		 南湖当归(变种) 台湾中部 治脾虚泄泻,虚寒咳嗽,蛇咬伤。叶捣敷疮疖
青海当归
Angelica nitida		 麻母(四川若尔盖)、独活(青海门源)、白芷(甘肃玛曲) 青海东南部、甘肃南部(岷县西部洮河流域)及四川北部 民间用花治头痛,根代替当归治血虚、月经不调、各种血瘀头痛及关节炎
峨眉当归Angelica
omeiensis		 羌活、野当归、岩白芷、骚羌活(峨眉山)、当归(雷波县)、香白芷(茂汶) 四川 补血、和血、调经止痛,润肠滑肠
隆萼当归Angelica
on-cosepala		 土当归(云南) 云南西北部 月经不调,痛经,经闭,血虚萎黄,风湿骨痛,跌打损伤,肠燥便秘
拐芹Angelica
polymorpha		 拐子芹、倒钩芹、紫杆芹、山芹菜、独活、白根独活、拐芹当归 东北各地,河北、山东、江苏。朝鲜和日本也有分布 发表祛风,温中散寒,理气止痛。主风寒表证,风温痹痛,脘腹,胸胁疼痛,跌打损伤
管鞘当归Angelica
pseudoselinum		 疙瘩羌 四川,东北等地 补血、和血、调经止痛,润肠滑肠
四川当归Angelica
setchuenensis		 茶芎草 四川 补血和血、调经止痛、润燥滑肠、抗癌、抗老防老、免疫
林当归Angelica
silvestris L.		 阿克尔克尔哈 新疆。欧洲 发汗解表、祛风除湿
秦岭当归Angelica
tsinlingensis		 无 秦岭北部 气调血和
金山当归Angelica
valida		 乌独活,岩当归,防风草(南川),叉风,尖头叉风 四川南部地区 补血,活血,调经
川西当归Angelica
wilsonii		 无 四川西部 补血,活血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠
表1  中国当归属药用植物分布及其药用功效
序号 化合物 分子式 分子量 参考文献
1 丁烯基酞内酯(3-butylidenephtalide) C12H12O2 188.22 [7]
2 Z-藁本内酯(Z-ligustilide) C12H14O2 190.24 [7]
3 洋川芎内酯A(senkyunolide A) C12H16O2 192.25 [9]
4 洋川芎内酯H(senkyunolide H) C12H16O4 224.25 [10]
5 正丁基苯酞[3-butyl-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone] C12H14O2 190.24 [10-11]
6 氧化石竹烯(caryophyllene oxide) C15H24O 220.35 [12]
7 α-蒎烯(α-pinene) C10H16 136.23 [13]
8 新蛇床内酯(sedanolide) C12H18O2 194.27 [14-15]
9 4-乙烯基愈创木酣(4-vinylguaiacol) C9H10O2 150.17 [16]
10 新当归内酯(angelicide) C24H28O4 380.48 [14]
11 萜品油烯(terpinolene) C10H16 136.20 [14]
12 β-石竹烯(β-caryophyllene) C15H24 204.35 [9,17]
13 3-蒈烯(3-carene) C10H16 136.23 [17]
14 α-菖蒲二烯(α-acoradiene) C15H24 204.35 [10]
15 β-月桂烯(β-myrcene) C10H16 136.23 [9,11]
16 α-芹子烯(α-selinene) C15H24 204.35 [15]
17 水芹烯(1,3-cyclohexadiene) C10H16 136.23 [10,15]
18 1-辛醇(1-octanol) C8H18O 130.23 [17]
19 甜没药萜醇(bisabolol) C15H26O 222.36 [9]
20 异戊酸龙脑酯(bornylisovalerate) C15H26O2 238.37 [10,17]
21 2,4,6-三甲基庚烷(2,4,6-trimethylheptane) C10H22 142.28 [11,17]
22 莰烯(camphene) C10H16 136.23 [9]
23 D-柠檬烯(D-limonene) C10H16 136.23 [11-12]
24 beta-桉叶醇(beta-eudesmol) C15H26O 222.37 [11]
25 α-衣兰油烯(α-muurolene) C15H24 204.35 [7,9]
26 十二烷醇(lauryl alcohol) CH3(CH2)11OH 186.34 [7,10]
27 十四烷醇(7-ethyl-2-methyl-4-undecanol) C14H30O 214.39 [7,14]
28 罗勒烯(ocimene) C10H16 136.24 [12]
29 当归酮(angelicone) C16H16O5 288.29 [7]
表2  中国当归属药用植物挥发油的化学成分
序号 化合物 分子式 分子量 参考文献
1 二氢欧山芹素(columbianadin) C19H20O5 328.131 1 [9]
2 Angelidiol C14H14O5 262.084 1 [19]
3 Angelmarin C23H20O6 392.126 0 [20]
4 香柑内酯(bergapten) C12H8O4 216.042 3 [21]
5 佛手酚(bergaptol) C11H6O4 202.026 6 [21]
6 补骨脂素(psoralen) C11H6O3 186.031 7 [21]
7 花椒毒素(xanthotoxin) C12H8O4 216.042 3 [21]
8 栓翅芹烯醇(pabulenol) C16H14O5 286.084 1 [22]
9 欧前胡素(imperatorin) C16H14O4 270.089 2 [23]
10 tert-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-(R) -byakangelicin C23H28O12 496.158 1 [21,24]
11 sec-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-(R) -byakangelicin C23H28O12 496.158 1 [21,24]
12 氧化前胡素(oxypeucedanine) C16H14O5 286.084 1 [22,25]
13 异珊瑚菜素(cnidilin) C17H16O5 300.099 8 [23]
14 乙酰当归素(sec-o-acetylbyakangelicin) C19H20O8 376.115 8 [26]
15 白当归素(byakangelicin) C17H18O7 334.105 3 [26]
16 Ferulin C17H16O6 316.094 7 [26]
17 新比克白芷内酯(neobyakangelicol) C17H16O6 316.094 7 [26]
18 异茴芹内酯(isopimpinellin) C13H10O5 246.052 8 [26]
19 甲氧基欧芹素(osthole) C15H16O3 244.109 9 [23]
20 当归三醇(angelitriol) C15H18O6 294.110 3 [21]
21 东莨菪内酯(scopoletin) C10H8O4 192.042 3 [26]
22 2'-去氧橙皮内酯水合物(2'-deoxyme ranzin hydrate) C15H18O4 262.120 5 [27]
23 6-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6) -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-东莨菪内酯
[6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-scopoletin]		 C20H24O13 472.121 7 [21,28]
24 毛当归醇(anpubesol) C20H26O7 378.167 9 [21]
25 重齿毛当归素(angepubebisin) C21H28O11 456.163 2 [29]
26 脱水当归醇A(angelol A dehydration) C20H22O6 358.141 6 [30]
27 异紫花前胡苷(marmesinin) C20H24O9 408.142 0 [19]
28 异佛手柑内酯(isobergapten) C12H8O4 216.042 3 [31]
29 当归醇A(angelol A) C20H24O7 376.152 2 [32]
30 当归醇B(angelol B) C20H24O7 376.152 2 [32]
31 紫花前胡素(nodaketin) C19H20O5 328.131 1 [19]
32 川白芷素(angenomalin) C14H12O3 228.078 6 [30]
33 异欧前胡素(isoimperatorin) C16H14O4 270.284 [30]
表3  中国当归属药用植物香豆素类的化学成分
序号 化合物 分子式 分子量 参考文献
1 阿魏酸(ferulic acid) C10H10O4 194.057 9 [9,16]
2 咖啡酸(caffeic acid) C9H8O4 180.042 3 [16]
3 绿原酸(chlorogenic acid) C16H18O9 354.095 1 [9]
4 烟酸(nicotinic acid) C6H5NO2 123.11 [9,16]
5 邻苯二甲酸(phthalic acid) C8H6O4 166.13 [9,16]
6 樟脑磺酸(camphorsulfonic acid) C10H16O4S 232.3 [9]
7 肉桂酸(cinnamic acid) C9H8O2 148.17 [9,16]
8 香草酸(vanillic acid) C8H8O4 168.15 [9,16]
9 阿魏酸松柏酯(coniferyl ferulate) C20H20O6 356.37 [9,16]
10 亚油酸(linoleic acid) C18H32O2 280.240 2 [9,16]
11 硬脂酸(stearic acid) C10H10O4 284.271 5 [32]
12 原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid) C7H6O4 154.121 [34-35]
13 对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid) C7H6O3 138.120 74 [34-35]
14 亚叶酸(folinic acid) C20H23N7O7 473.446 [34-35]
15 叶酸(folic acid) C19H19N7O6 441.404 [34-35]
16 丁二酸(succinic acid) C4H6O4 118.088 [34-35]
17 茴香酸(anisic acid) C8H8O3 152.149 [34-35]
18 壬二酸(azelaic acid) C9H16O4 188.223 [34-35]
19 癸二酸(sebacic acid) C10H18O4 202.25 [34-35]
20 棕榈酸(palmitic acid) C16H32O2 256.43 [34-35]
21 二十六烷酸(hexacosanoic acid) C26H52O2 396.7 [34-35]
表4  中国当归属药用植物有机酸类的化学成分
序号 化合物 单糖组成 分子量 参考文献
1 As-Ⅲa Glc 8.5 × 104 [40]
2 As-Ⅲb Glc, Man, Ara in the ratio of 10.0∶10.0∶4.0 4.9 × 104 [40]
3 X-C-3-Ⅱ Glc, Gal, Ara, Rha, GalA in the ratio of 56.0∶22.1∶18.9∶1.9∶1.1 1.0 × 105 [41]
4 X-C-3-Ⅲ Gal, Ara, Rha, GlcA, GalA in the ratio of 24.3∶15.8∶4.2∶3.1∶52.6 8.5 × 104 [42]
5 X-C-3-Ⅳ Gal, Ara, Rha, GlcA, GalA in the ratio of 12.6∶10.7∶7.2∶8.3∶61.2 6.6 × 104 [42]
6 XC-1 Glc 1.0 × 105 [43]
7 A. sinensis
polysaccharide		 Fuc, Gal, Glc, Ara, Rha, Xyl in the ratio of
1.0∶13.6∶15.0∶8.7∶21.3∶3.7		 — [44]
8 ASP1 GalA, Ara, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 5.35∶9.15∶65.00∶3.66 — [45]
9 ASP2 GalA, Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of
35.38∶1.11∶16.31∶0.89∶26.96∶15.75		 — [45]
10 ASP3 GalA, Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of
58.27∶1.87∶10.50∶0.37∶0.94∶24.93		 3.4 × 104 [45]
11 APF1 Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara in the ratio of 1.00∶2.65∶2.02∶3.45∶10.64 — [46]
12 APF2 Man, Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara in the ratio of
0.44∶1.00∶10.52∶7.52∶8.19∶14.43		 — [46]
13 APF3 Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara in the ratio of
0.74∶1.00∶0.25∶9.06∶8.62∶5.94∶9.28		 — [46]
14 W-ASP11 Ara, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 0.5∶26.0∶0.6 3.8 × 105 [47]
15 W-ASP12 Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 21.1∶1.6∶16.3∶1.3 1.9 × 104 [47]
16 W-ASP-2 Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.0∶14.7∶0.8∶24.3∶14.2 — [47]
17 W-ASP-3 Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.0∶5.6∶0.2∶0.5∶13.3 6.2 × 104 [47]
18 APS-1cI Glc 1.7 × 105 [48]
19 APS-1cII Glc 3.9 × 104 [48]
20 APS-1d Glc, Ara in the ratio of 13.8∶1 5.1 × 103 [48]
21 AP Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.00∶4.54∶2.98∶11.09∶7.45 5.0 × 104 [49]
22 ASDII-3-3 Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Gal in the ratio of 0.3∶1.0∶0.1∶0.2∶5.0 4.4 × 104 [50]
23 APF1 Ara, Glc, Rha, Gal, GalA in the ratio of 11.0∶2.6∶1.0∶3.5∶2.5 — [51]
24 APF2 Ara, Glc, Rha, Gal, Man, GalA in the ratio of
18.2∶7.4∶1.0∶8.4∶0.5∶12.3		 — [51]
25 APF3 Ara, Glc, Rha, Gal, GlcA, GalA in the ratio of
9.4∶8.7∶1.0∶6.0∶0.3∶12.1		 — [51]
26 APF1 Rha, Ara, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.00∶2.27∶7.80∶2.69 1.2 × 105 [52-53]
27 APF2 Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.00∶5.29∶3.66∶9.11∶5.17 5.2× 104 [52-53]
28 APF3 Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.00∶4.54∶2.98∶11.09∶7.45 1.6× 104 [52-53]
29 APS-2a Glc, Gal, Ara, Rha, GalA in the ratio of 1.0∶7.5∶38.2∶2.6∶4.9 7.4× 105 [54]
30 ASP Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara, Fuc in the ratio
1.2∶4.5∶1.0∶10.5∶17.8∶37.5∶8.7∶4.9		 — [55]
31 Angelica
polysaccharide		 Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara in the ratio of
0.05∶0.26∶14.47∶1.00∶1.17		 5.0× 104 [56]
32 APS-bII Glc, Gal, Xyl, Ara in the ratio of 8.4∶2.7∶1.8∶1.0 1.3× 104 [57]
33 APS-3a Glc, Gal, Ara, Rha, Man in the ratio of 3.2∶1.7∶2.5∶1.3∶1.0 5.9× 105 [58]
34 APS-3b Glc, Gal, Ara, Rha, Man in the ratio of 2.3∶5.4∶6.8∶1.0∶1.2 2.3× 105 [58]
35 APS-3c Glc, Gal, Ara, Rha, Man, Xyl in the ratio of
6.3∶4.7∶6.7∶6.5∶1.6∶1.0		 1.4× 104 [58]
36 ASP3 Rha, Ara, Man, Glc, Gal in the ratio of 1.9∶10.5∶0.4∶0.9∶24.9 — [59]
37 APS-2i Man,Rha,GalA,Glc,Gal, Ara in the ratio of 4∶5∶1∶10∶23∶39 — [60-61]
38 APS-1II Ara,Glc,Fuc in the ratio of 2.48∶1.05∶1.00 4.21× 104 [6]
表5  中国当归属药用植物多糖类的化学成分
序号 化合物 分子式 分子量 参考文献
1 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide) C21H18O12 462.360 4 [64]
2 木犀草素-7-O-芦丁糖苷 — — [64]
3 芦丁(rutin) C27H30O16 610.518 [64]
4 2″-O-(2'''-甲基丁酰基)-异当药黄素 — — [64]
5 黄芩苷(baicain) C21H18O11 446.37 [64]
表6  中国当归属药用植物黄酮类的化学成分
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