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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (4): 24-32    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2111034
综述     
CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术在增强子功能分析及鉴定中的研究进展*
张俊有1,2,王棨临1,2,刘倩1,2,漆思晗1,2,李春燕1,2,3,**()
1 北京航空航天大学医学科学与工程学院 大数据精准医疗高精尖创新中心 北京 100191
2 北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院 北京 100191
3 北京航空航天大学工业和信息化部大数据精准医疗重点实验室 北京 100191
Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing Technology in Enhancer Function Analysis and Identification
ZHANG Jun-you1,2,WANG Qi-lin1,2,LIU Qian1,2,QI Si-han1,2,LI Chun-yan1,2,3,**()
1 School of Engineering Medicine & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
3 Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology),Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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摘要：

增强子是生物体内重要的顺式基因表达调控元件,参与众多生物学过程,与癌症的发生发展及多种疾病的产生紧密相关。虽然基于生物信息学的方法可以对增强子进行鉴定和筛选,然而由于增强子与靶基因的位置和方向不确定,大大增加了深入研究增强子调控机制的难度。近年来,CRISPR/Cas技术的不断发展创新,为揭示和验证增强子的分子机制提供了可操作性。因此,在系统回顾CRISPR/Cas技术的发展过程及在生物学中的应用基础上,重点总结近年来CRISPR/Cas技术在增强子研究中的创新应用,包括不同CRISPR/Cas技术的作用原理及CRISPR/Cas技术如何编辑增强子等,以期为利用CRISPR/Cas技术研究增强子功能机制提供可行性参考。
关键词： CRISPR/Cas;  增强子;  超级增强子;  基因编辑    
Abstract:

Enhancers are essential cis-regulatory DNA elements, which are involved in many biological processes and closely associated with the initiation and progression of cancer and various human diseases. Although bioinformatics-based methods can identify and screen enhancers, the uncertainty in the orientation and distance between enhancers and target genes makes it difficult to study the functional mechanism of enhancers in-depth. Recently, the continuous development and innovation of CRISPR/Cas technology makes it applicable to the investigation and validation on the molecular mechanisms of enhancers. This article reviews the progression of CRISPR/Cas technology and its application in biology and focuses on the innovative applications of CRISPR/Cas technology in enhancer research in recent years (e.g., how CRISPR/Cas technology edits enhancers and the principles of different CRISPR/Cas technologies), aiming to provide a feasible reference for further study on the enhancer functional analysis.
Key words: CRISPR/Cas    Enhancer    Super enhancer    Gene editing
收稿日期: 2021-11-16 出版日期: 2022-05-05
ZTFLH:  Q812  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82072499);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31801094)
通讯作者: 李春燕     E-mail: lichunyan@buaa.edu.cn
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引用本文:

张俊有,王棨临,刘倩,漆思晗,李春燕. CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术在增强子功能分析及鉴定中的研究进展*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2022, 42(4): 24-32.

ZHANG Jun-you,WANG Qi-lin,LIU Qian,QI Si-han,LI Chun-yan. Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing Technology in Enhancer Function Analysis and Identification. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(4): 24-32.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2111034    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2022/V42/I4/24

类型 亚型 特征蛋白质 目标序列 需要tracrRNA 主要来源 参考文献
1类 I A, B, C, D, E, F, U Cas3 dsDNA 否 细菌和古细菌 [22]
III A, B, C, D Cas10 ssRNA 否 细菌和古细菌
IV - Csf1 dsDNA 否 古细菌
2类 II A, B, C Cas9 dsDNA 是 细菌 [23]
V A, B, C, U Cas12 dsDNA 是 细菌和古细菌
VI A, B, C Cas13 ssRNA 否 细菌
表1  CRISPR/Cas系统的最新分类
图1  CRISPR/Cas9和CRISPR/dCas9系统用于编辑增强子
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