全球基因编辑作物监管趋势研究

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2111016

中国生物工程杂志

2021, Vol. 41

Issue (12): 24-29 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2111016

玉米生物育种基础研究与关键技术专辑

全球基因编辑作物监管趋势研究

冷燕^1,²,孙康泰³,刘倩倩¹,蒲阿庆¹,李翔¹,万向元^1,^2,^**(

),魏珣^1,^2,^**(

)

1 北京科技大学生物与农业研究中心北京 100083
2 北京中智生物农业国际研究院北京 100192);(3 中国农村技术开发中心北京 100045

Trends of Global Gene-edited Crops Supervision

LENG Yan^1,²,SUN Kang-tai³,LIU Qian-qian¹,PU A-qing¹,LI Xiang¹,WAN Xiang-yuan^1,^2,^**(

),WEI Xun^1,^2,^**(

)

1 Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China
2 Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China

全文: PDF(851 KB) HTML

摘要：

欧美国家作为作物基因编辑技术的发源地,逐步建立和完善了从基础研究到技术开发服务再到育种应用等完整的产业技术链布局,形成了配套的风险管理体系。全面总结了全球作物基因编辑监管的最新进展和趋势,提出中国完善基因编辑技术监管框架的对策建议,以期尽快缩小基因编辑技术进步与监管政策体系的差距。

关键词： 基因编辑作物; 监管; 风险管理

Abstract:

As the birthplace of crop gene editing technology, EU and USA have initially formed a complete industrial technology chain layout from basic research to technology development services to breeding application, as well as a risk management system. This study will comprehensively summarize the latest progress and trend of global crop gene editing supervision, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for China’s gene editing technology risk management, in order to narrow the gap between gene editing technology progress and regulatory policy system as soon as possible.

Key words: Gene editing crop Supervision Risk management

收稿日期: 2021-11-05 出版日期: 2022-01-13

ZTFLH:

Q819

通讯作者: 万向元,魏珣 E-mail: wanxiangyuan@ustb.edu.cn;weixun@ustb.edu.cn

	服务
	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	冷燕
	孙康泰
	刘倩倩
	蒲阿庆
	李翔
	万向元
	魏珣

引用本文:

冷燕,孙康泰,刘倩倩,蒲阿庆,李翔,万向元,魏珣. 全球基因编辑作物监管趋势研究[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(12): 24-29.

LENG Yan,SUN Kang-tai,LIU Qian-qian,PU A-qing,LI Xiang,WAN Xiang-yuan,WEI Xun. Trends of Global Gene-edited Crops Supervision. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(12): 24-29.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2111016 或 https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2021/V41/I12/24

表1 全球作物基因编辑监管主要模式

表2 欧盟转基因产品监管环节

[1]	Gao C X. The future of CRISPR technologies in agriculture. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2018, 19(5): 275-276. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2018.2
[2]	刘耀光, 李构思, 张雅玲, 等. CRISPR/Cas植物基因组编辑技术研究进展. 华南农业大学学报, 2019, 40(5): 38-49.
	Liu Y G, Li G S, Zhang Y L, et al. Current advances on CRISPR/Cas genome editing technologies in plants. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2019, 40(5): 38-49.
[3]	Miki D, Zhang W X, Zeng W J, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting in Arabidopsis using sequential transformation. Nature Communications, 2018, 9: 1967. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04416-0
[4]	Feng Z Y, Zhang B T, Ding W N, et al. Efficient genome editing in plants using a CRISPR/Cas system. Cell Research, 2013, 23(10): 1229-1232. doi: 10.1038/cr.2013.114
[5]	Gratz S J, Cummings A M, Nguyen J N, et al. Genome engineering of Drosophila with the CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease. Genetics, 2013, 194(4): 1029-1035. doi: 10.1534/genetics.113.152710
[6]	Cong L, Ran F A, Cox D, et al. Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science, 2013, 339(6121): 819-823. doi: 10.1126/science.1231143 pmid: 23287718
[7]	Medvedieva M O, Blume Y B. Legal regulation of plant genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology as an example. Cytology and Genetics, 2018, 52(3): 204-212. doi: 10.3103/S0095452718030106
[8]	Araki M, Nojima K, Ishii T. Caution required for handling genome editing technology. Trends in Biotechnology, 2014, 32(5): 234-237. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.005
[9]	付伟, 魏霜, 王晨光, 等. 基因编辑作物的发展及检测监管现状. 植物检疫, 2016, 30(3): 1-8.
	Fu W, Wei S, Wang C G, et al. Development, regulatory and detection of genetically modified plant based on genome editing techniques. Plant Quarantine, 2016, 30(3): 1-8.
[10]	Huang S W, Weigel D, Beachy R N, et al. A proposed regulatory framework for genome-edited crops. Nature Genetics, 2016, 48(2): 109-111. doi: 10.1038/ng.3484
[11]	沈平, 章秋艳, 杨立桃, 等. 基因组编辑技术及其安全管理. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(8): 1361-1369.
	Shen P, Zhang Q Y, Yang L T, et al. The safety management of genome editing technology. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(8): 1361-1369.
[12]	李东巧, 杨艳萍. 作物基因组编辑技术国际发展态势分析. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2019, 49(2): 179-190.
	Li D Q, Yang Y P. Analysis on the international development trends of crop genome editing technology. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 2019, 49(2): 179-190.
[13]	潘建伟, 曹靖. 转基因产品对中国农产品国际贸易的影响. 内蒙古社会科学(汉文版), 2002, 23(6): 113-115.
	Pan J W, Cao J. Effect of GM products on the international trade of Chinese agricultural products. Inner Mongolia Social Sciences, 2002, 23(6): 113-115.
[14]	刘银良. 美国转基因生物技术治理路径探析及其启示. 法学, 2015(9): 139-149.
	Liu Y L. Analysis of the governance and treatment of GMOs and its enlightenment. Law Science, 2015(9): 139-149.
[15]	刘旭霞, 冯冠南. 美国《国家生物工程食品信息披露标准(实施细则)》制定中公众参与的经验及启示. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2020(1): 153-160, 170.
	Liu X X, Feng G N. Experience and enlightenment of Public Participation in the Formulation of the National Bio-engineered Food Disclosure Standard(regulations). Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2020(1): 153-160, 170.
[16]	Stokstad E. United States relaxes rules for biotech crops. Science, 2020. DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8305. doi: 10.1126/science.abc8305
[17]	McHughen A. A critical assessment of regulatory triggers for products of biotechnology: Product vs. process. GM Crops & Food, 2016, 7(3-4): 125-158.
[18]	杨渊, 池慧, 高东平, 等. 美国基因编辑监管体系研究及启示. 科技管理研究, 2020, 40(1): 20-24.
	Yang Y, Chi H, Gao D P, et al. Analysis on regulatory mechanism of United States and enlightenment to China. Science and Technology Management Research, 2020, 40(1): 20-24.
[19]	侯军岐, 黄珊珊. 全球转基因作物发展趋势与中国产业化风险管理. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 20(6): 104-111.
	Hou J Q, Huang S S. Research on the development trend of global GM crops and the risk management of its industrialization in China. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2020, 20(6): 104-111.
[20]	马琳. 转基因食品标识与信息的政策效应研究: 基于中国消费者的实验经济学实证分析. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 2014.
	Ma L. The policy effect study of gm food identification and information: an empirical analysis of experimental economics based on Chinese consumers. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2014.
[21]	Lusser M, Davies H V. Comparative regulatory approaches for groups of new plant breeding techniques. New Biotechnology, 2013, 30(5): 437-446. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.02.004 pmid: 23474021
[22]	Whelan A I, Lema M A. Regulatory framework for gene editing and other new breeding techniques (NBTs) in Argentina. GM Crops Food 2015; 6(4): 253-265. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1114698
[23]	Madkour M A, Nawawy A S E, Traynor P L. Analysis of a national biosafety system: regulatory policies and procedures in Egypt. ISNAR Country Report no. 63, 2000.
[24]	Whelan A I, Lema M A. A research program for the socioeconomic impacts of gene editing regulation. GM Crops & Food, 2017, 8(1): 74-83.
[25]	Mallapaty S. Australian gene-editing rules adopt ‘middle ground’. Nature, 2019. DOI: 10.1038/d41586-019-01282-8. doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-01282-8
[26]	王慧媛, 刘晓, 薛淮, 等. 完善安全管理, 促进基因编辑作物的科技与产业发展. 植物生理学报, 2020, 56(11): 2317-2328.
	Wang H Y, Liu X, Xue H, et al. Improve safety management and promote the development of technology and industry for gene edited crops. Plant Physiology Journal, 2020, 56(11): 2317-2328.
[27]	Mao Y F, Botella J R, Liu Y G, et al. Gene editing in plants: progress and challenges. National Science Review, 2019, 6(3): 421-437. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz005
[28]	Zhang Y, Massel K, Godwin I D, et al. Applications and potential of genome editing in crop improvement. Genome Biology, 2018, 19(1): 210. doi: 10.1186/s13059-018-1586-y pmid: 30501614

[1]	刘旭霞,杨安珂. 美国SECURE规则评析及其对中国的启示[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(9): 126-135.
[2]	李玉,张晓. 日本细胞治疗监管双轨制的经验及启示 ^*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2020, 40(1-2): 174-179.
[3]	周天盟,刘旭霞. *论预防原则在欧盟转基因生物监管中的困境与出路 ^——基于意大利Fidenato案的分析**[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2018, 38(6): 95-102.
[4]	沈平, 章秋艳, 林友华, 李文龙, 李昂, 宋贵文. 推进我国转基因玉米产业化的思考[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2016, 36(4): 24-29.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed