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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (3): 110-123    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2109051
综述     
微藻异养高密度培养研究进展与发展趋势*
张虎1,**,赵亮2,**,陈义3,高保燕1,胡强4,***(),张成武1,***()
1 暨南大学水生生物研究中心 广州 510632
2 德默特生物科技(珠海)有限公司 珠海 519031
3 中国科学院水生生物研究所 武汉 430072 4 深圳大学高等研究院 深圳 518061
Research Progress and Future Direction on High-cell-density Heterotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae
ZHANG Hu1,**,ZHAO Liang2,**,CHEN Yi3,GAO Bao-yan1,HU Qiang4,***(),ZHANG Cheng-wu1,***()
1 Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2 Demeter Biotechnology (Zhuhai) Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519031, China
3 Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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摘要：

微藻细胞可以积累大量油脂、蛋白质、多糖、色素、不饱和脂肪酸等物质,在能源、食品、饵料、保健品及药品等行业有巨大的应用价值。然而,微藻在传统光自养模式下很难实现高密度培养来大量生产这些重要的物质,进而限制了微藻的实际应用。相反,微藻在异养模式下生长速度快、生物质浓度高,可以短时间内获得大量微藻生物质。因此,异养高密度培养微藻具备大规模、高效率培养微藻生产目标产物的巨大潜力。阐述微藻异养培养的优缺点及相应技术难点的解决思路、影响微藻异养生长及目标产物积累的主要营养因子和环境因子、微藻异养高密度培养的方式及微藻异养高密度培养的当前发展水平。结合文献报道分析微藻异养高密度培养的四个具有极大发展潜力的发展方向,以期更好地利用异养模式来高效率、低成本培养微藻生产大量目标产物,满足上述多个行业对微藻原材料的巨大需求,从而加速微藻产业的发展。
关键词： 微藻;  异养高密度培养;  营养方式;  环境因子;  培养策略    
Abstract:

Microalgae are sources of many important chemicals, such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have a broad range of applications in biofuels, food, feed, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the low production of microalgal biomass under photoautotrophic cultivation has limited its applications. In contrast, microalgae can grow fast and achieve ultrahigh cell densities under heterotrophic cultivation. These characteristics make heterotrophic cultivation have a promising potential for industrial production of microalgae-based products. This review aims to provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages in microalgal heterotrophic cultivation, and the factors and strategies affecting microalgal cell growth as well as the current production of several microalgae under high-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation. The path forward for further economical and efficient production of microalgal target compounds under high-cell density heterotrophic culture with respect to four different opportunities is also discussed, which will in turn meet the huge demand of microalgal feedstocks in the above industries and accelerate the development of microalgae industry.
Key words: Microalgae    High-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation    Nutrition manner    Environmental factors    Culture strategy
收稿日期: 2021-09-30 出版日期: 2022-04-07
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: * 国家自然科学基金(32002412);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2020A1515110802)
通讯作者: 胡强,张成武     E-mail: huqiang@szu.edu.cn;tzhangcw@jnu.edu.cn
作者简介: ** 对本文具有同等贡献
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张虎, 赵亮, 陈义, 高保燕, 胡强, 张成武. 微藻异养高密度培养研究进展与发展趋势*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2022, 42(3): 110-123.

ZHANG Hu, ZHAO Liang, CHEN Yi, GAO Bao-yan, HU Qiang, ZHANG Cheng-wu. Research Progress and Future Direction on High-cell-density Heterotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(3): 110-123.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2109051    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2022/V42/I3/110

图1  尖状栅藻在室外大规模培养时(10 000 L)的藻种制备过程
图2  尖状栅藻异养培养时两种常见的污染物
图3  尖状栅藻在两种策略下进行补料分批培养时藻液葡萄糖浓度和细胞生物质浓度的变化曲线[3]
Algal division Strain Target product Culture
volume
/L		 Maximum
biomass
concentration
/(g·L-1)		 Average
biomass
productivity
/[g/(L·h-1)]		 References
Dinophyta Cryptecodinium cohnii DHA 2.0 109.0 0.27a [14]
Chrysophyta Poterioochromonas malhamensis β-1,3-glucan 7.5 32.8 0.23a [13]
Bacillariophyta Nitzschia laevis EPA 2.2 40.0 0.09a [52]
Bacillariophyta Nitzschia laevis Fucoxanthin 3.0 17.3 0.07a [61]
Rhodophyta Galdieria sulphuraria Phycocyanin 3.0 116.0 0.34a [47]
Rhodophyta Galdieria sulphuraria Phycocyanin 3.0 109.0 0.72 [62]
Chlorophyta Haematococcus pluvialis Astaxanthin 50.0 26.0 0.06 [56]
Chlorophyta Chromochloris zofingiensis Astaxanthin 3.7 71.1 0.24 [57]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lutein 3.7 19.6 0.14 [20]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Lutein 5.0 47.4 0.49a [63]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Lutein 25 000 49.0 1.53a [63]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Lutein 240 000 49.1 1.36a [63]
Chlorophyta Chlorella regularis Phytochemicals 2.6 84.0 2.76 [64]
Chlorophyta Chlorella pyrenoidosa Protein 5.0 132.2 1.50 [65]
Chlorophyta Chlorella pyrenoidosa Protein 50.0 149.4 1.78 [65]
Chlorophyta Chlorella pyrenoidosa Protein 1 500.0 31.1 0.40 [65]
Chlorophyta Botryococcus braunii Hydrocarbons 5.0 37.0 0.06 [66]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 2.0 144.0 0.69a [67]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 5.0 15.5 0.08a [44]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 5.0 51.2 0.28 [30]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 5.0 97.1 0.53a [12]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 5.5 45.2 0.23 [68]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 7.0 46.0 0.26 [68]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 750.0 12.8 0.07a [44]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 11 000.0 14.2 0.07a [44]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Lipids 60 000.0 33.1 0.16 [69]
Chlorophyta Chlorella sorokiniana Lipids 50.0 103.8 0.45 [70]
Chlorophyta Scenedesmus acuminatus Lipids 7.5 286.0 1.49 [11]
Chlorophyta Scenedesmus acuminatus Lipids 1 000 283.5 1.69 [11]
Chlorophyta Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Biomass 5.0 23.8 0.10 [71]
Chlorophyta Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Biomass 50.0 25.4 0.11 [71]
Chlorophyta Auxenochlorella protothecoides Biomass 19.0 116.0 0.98a [38]
Chlorophyta Chlorella sorokiniana Biomass 7.5 271.0 1.61 [10]
Chlorophyta Chlorella sorokiniana Biomass 1 000 247.0 1.77 [10]
Chlorophyta Chlorella regularis Biomass 2.6 84.0 2.76 [64]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Biomass 5.0 174.5 1.04 [72]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Biomass 50.0 117.2 3.52 [46]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Biomass 200.0 94.8 3.37 [46]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Biomass 600.0 81.6 1.22 [46]
Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris Biomass 4 000.0 43.3 0.62 [73]
Chlorophyta Chlorella USTB-01 Biomass 5 000.0 42.4 0.67 [74]
表1  文献报道中不同微藻在发酵罐中异养高密度培养时的主要指标比较
图4  微藻异养高密度培养时生产的相关生物制品
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