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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2022, Vol. 42 Issue (3): 91-98    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2108045
综述     
同义密码子使用模式对蛋白产物表达及构象形成的影响*
蒲飞洋1,2,李易聪1,2,王慧慧1,2,冯茜莉1,2,李倬1,2,马忠仁1,周建华1,3,**()
1 西北民族大学生物医学研究中心 兰州 730030
2 西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院 兰州 730010
3 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所 兰州 730046
Effects of Synonymous Codon Usage Patterns on Protein Product Expression and Conformation Formation
PU Fei-yang1,2,LI Yi-cong1,2,WANG Hui-hui1,2,FENG Xi-li1,2,LI Zhuo1,2,MA Zhong-ren1,ZHOU Jian-hua1,3,**()
1 Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
2 College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730010, China
3 Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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摘要：

鉴于遗传密码子的简并性能够将基因遗传信息的容量提升,同义密码子使用偏嗜性得以在生物体的基因组中广泛存在。虽然同义密码子之间碱基的变化并不能导致氨基酸种类的改变,在研究mRNA半衰期、编码多肽翻译效率及肽链空间构象正确折叠的准确性和翻译等这一系列过程中发现,同义密码子使用的偏嗜性在某种程度上通过精微调控翻译机制体现其遗传学功能。同义密码子指导tRNA在翻译过程中识别核糖体的速率变化是由氨基酸的特定顺序决定,并且在新生多肽链合成时,蛋白质共翻译转运机制同时调节其空间构象的正确折叠从而保证蛋白的正常生物学功能。某些同义密码子使用偏嗜性与特定蛋白结构的形成具有显著相关性,密码子使用偏嗜性一旦改变将可能导致新生多肽空间构象出现错误折叠。结合近些年来国内外在此领域的研究成果,阐述同义密码子使用偏嗜性如何发挥精微调控翻译的生物学功能与作用。
关键词： 同义密码子;  基因;  多肽;  精微调控翻译;  共翻译机制;  空间构象    
Abstract:

The degeneracy in genetic codons further improves the capacity of genetic information. The genetic feature leads to synonymous codon usage bias representing a universal feature across all organisms’ genomes. Although synonymous codon usage variations in genes have no effects on the amino acid compositions, more and more studies point out that synonymous codon usage bias plays an important role in half-life of gene transcriptions, translational efficiency and accuracy and folding structure via fine-tune translation regulation mechanisms. Synonymous codons are used to mediate the translation rates in the process of ribosomal for transferring tRNA following the specific amino acid sequence, and the co-translation mechanism regulates the correct folding structure of the newborn peptide chain to ensure the normal biological function of the protein product. In particular, some synonymous codon usage patterns have the significantly positive correlations with folding structure formation of protein, since changes in synonymous codon usage bias could lead to folding structure of protein. Based on the previous reports in recent years, we review the related context for synonymous codon bias in fine-tune translation regulation.
Key words: Synonymous codon    Gene    Peptide    Fine-tune translation selection    Co-translation mechanism    Folding structure
收稿日期: 2021-08-18 出版日期: 2022-04-07
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: * 动物医学生物工程教育部创新团队流动滚动项目资助项目(IRT-17R88)
通讯作者: 周建华     E-mail: zhoujianhuazjh@163.com
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蒲飞洋
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马忠仁
周建华

引用本文:

蒲飞洋,李易聪,王慧慧,冯茜莉,李倬,马忠仁,周建华. 同义密码子使用模式对蛋白产物表达及构象形成的影响*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2022, 42(3): 91-98.

PU Fei-yang,LI Yi-cong,WANG Hui-hui,FENG Xi-li,LI Zhuo,MA Zhong-ren,ZHOU Jian-hua. Effects of Synonymous Codon Usage Patterns on Protein Product Expression and Conformation Formation. China Biotechnology, 2022, 42(3): 91-98.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2108045    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2022/V42/I3/91

图1  同义密码子使用在基因转录与翻译过程中可能发挥的生物学作用
图2  核糖体扫描翻译速率的改变会影响多肽链空间构象的形成
图3  同义密码子使用模式的改变在基因复制、转录及翻译过程中的生物学效应
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