医疗视角下粤港澳大湾区典型城市的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控力量比较研究<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2108040

中国生物工程杂志

2021, Vol. 41

Issue (12): 125-140 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2108040

专题

医疗视角下粤港澳大湾区典型城市的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控力量比较研究^*

傅桂娥¹,李瑾¹,耿佩然¹,申梦秋²,张金倩楠²,赵洗尘^1,^**(

)

1 澳门科技大学澳门 999078
2 中国科学技术交流中心北京 100045

A Study on COVID-19 Prevention Force of Typical Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on the Medical Perspective

FU Gui-e¹,LI Jin¹,GENG Pei-ran¹,SHEN Meng-qiu²,ZHANG Jin-qian-nan²,ZHAO Xi-chen^1,^**(

)

1 Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau S.A.R. 999078, China
2 China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing 100045,China

全文: PDF(2022 KB) HTML

摘要：

2019年底暴发的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情席卷全球,严重威胁人类的健康,已经成为需要世界各国共同努力克服的全球重大卫生安全挑战。面对疫情,因各国的文化、地理位置、社会制度和经济发展水平不同,其医疗系统在疫情防控中发挥的作用也不同。以粤港澳大湾区的典型城市(广州市、深圳市、珠海市、香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区)为代表,通过系统梳理和量化分析各医疗系统在公共卫生突发事件中的表现和效用,明晰医疗卫生机构、医护人员、医疗物资等的职能,厘清各城市防疫医疗力量在重大传染性疫情防控中的优势和短板。结果表明,内地三市与港澳相比,拥有的防疫医疗基础雄厚;澳门和内地三市在疫情早期保持高度一致,联合推进防疫攻关的机制,在应对疫情有效性方面表现不俗,而香港由于受“国际航运中心”的定位限制,以及社会撕裂余波的影响导致难以快速全面封锁,应对疫情的有效性相对较差。展望未来,粤港澳大湾区应互通互补、资源共享,共同提升整个大湾区的公共卫生事件应急能力。

关键词： 新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情; 粤港澳大湾区; 防疫力量; 医疗系统

Abstract:

The COVID-19 epidemic that broke out at the end of 2019 has swept the world and seriously threatened human health. It has become a major global health and security challenge that requires the joint efforts of all countries in the world. Since different countries have different cultures, geographical locations, social systems, and economic development levels, their medical systems play different roles in epidemic prevention and control when facing the epidemic. Taking cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macau) under the epidemic situation as representatives, this paper aims to systematically summarize and quantitatively analyze the performance and effectiveness of various medical systems in public health emergencies, and to clarify the functions of medical institutions, medical staff, medical supplies, etc., as well as elucidate their advantages and shortcomings in the prevention and control of major infectious epidemics. The results show that in comparison to Hong Kong and Macao, the three cities in the mainland of China have a strong foundation of epidemic prevention medical system; Macao and the three cities in the mainland maintained a high degree of consistency in the early stage of the epidemic, and jointly promoted the mechanism of tackling key epidemic prevention problems, which performed well in the effectiveness of responding to the epidemic. However, due to the positioning restriction of the “international shipping center”and the impact of social tearing aftershocks, Hong Kong was difficult to quickly and comprehensively lock up, and the effectiveness of responding to the epidemic was slightly poor. In the future, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should exchange and complement each other and share resources to jointly improve the public health emergency response capacity of the whole area.

Key words: COVID-19 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Epidemic prevention force Medical system

收稿日期: 2021-08-16 出版日期: 2022-01-13

ZTFLH:

R511R373.1

基金资助: * 澳门高等院校人文社会范畴研究专项(HSS-MUST-2020-15);政府筹备设立保障基金

通讯作者: 赵洗尘 E-mail: xczhao@must.edu.mo

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引用本文:

傅桂娥,李瑾,耿佩然,申梦秋,张金倩楠,赵洗尘. 医疗视角下粤港澳大湾区典型城市的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控力量比较研究^*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(12): 125-140.

FU Gui-e,LI Jin,GENG Pei-ran,SHEN Meng-qiu,ZHANG Jin-qian-nan,ZHAO Xi-chen. A Study on COVID-19 Prevention Force of Typical Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on the Medical Perspective. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(12): 125-140.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2108040 或 https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2021/V41/I12/125

表1 粤港澳大湾区典型城市防疫医疗力量指标体系

图1 各典型城市医疗资源基本情况

表2 各典型城市医疗信息系统得分

图2 各典型城市医疗服务量基本情况

图3 各典型城市医疗服务住院量和诊疗量

图4 各典型城市中医医疗服务情况

图5 典型城市疫情基本情况(截至2020年8月31日)

表3 典型城市传染病监控与防控系统特点

表4 典型城市新冠疫苗计划及得分(截至2021年2月20日) [25]

表5 德尔菲法权重意见统计表

表6 一级指标权重

表7 各指标的变异系数

表8 粤港澳大湾区典型城市的防疫医疗力量权重

一级指标	三级指标	总得分
一级指标	三级指标	广州市	深圳市	珠海市	香港	澳门
医疗资源8.6%	机构数(每10万人)	0.10	0.12	0.15	0.26	0.33
	医院(每10万人)	0.27	0.16	0.33	0.09	0.11
	三甲医院(每10万人)	0.50	0.05	0.24	0.21	0.35
	床位数(每千人)	0.50	0.29	0.38	0.42	0.18
	执业(助理)医师数(每千人)	1.88	1.48	1.88	0.98	1.33
	注册护士数(每千人)	0.91	0.59	0.78	1.41	0.66
	卫生技术人员数(每千人)	1.41	0.98	1.25	1.35	1.01
	医疗设备	0.36	0.45	0.27	0.45	0.27
	消杀用品	0.45	0.45	0.36	0.36	0.45
	防护用品	0.68	0.68	0.68	0.54	0.68
	防控药品	0.68	0.68	0.68	0.68	0.68
医疗信息系统20.55%	挂号系统	2.00	2.00	1.56	2.00	1.11
	电子病历	2.00	2.00	1.56	2.00	2.00
	电子健康档案	2.00	2.00	1.11	2.00	1.11
	新兴技术应用(物联网、大数据等)	9.20	9.20	7.16	9.20	5.11
	医疗物资储存系统	2.68	2.68	2.68	1.49	1.49
	医疗物资调配系统	2.68	2.68	1.49	1.49	2.68
医疗服务20.85%	总诊人次	1.09	0.72	0.13	0.25	0.02
	出入院人次	1.09	0.58	0.12	0.58	0.02
	平均住院日	0.93	1.08	0.94	1.07	1.09
	病床使用率(标准为85%)	1.08	1.06	1.08	1.08	1.01
	门诊	3.93	3.03	3.45	2.89	1.78
	住院	3.89	3.70	2.03	3.93	0.24
	中医院数(每10万人)	1.33	0.48	1.44	0.00	0.00
	中医门诊部、中医诊所	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.01	1.44
	中医诊疗人次(万次)	2.88	0.83	1.20	0.18	2.42
	中医医院执业(助理)医师数(千人)	2.85	1.93	2.88	2.29	2.31
	医疗系统现有能力分数小计	47.54	40.08	35.99	37.18	29.86
疫情25%	确诊率	7.92	7.99	7.79	1.98	7.66
	治愈率	8.20	8.28	8.11	7.52	8.33
	死亡率	7.97	6.82	6.21	4.00	8.33
疫情防控25%	传染病监控系统和防控措施	10.71	10.71	10.71	10.71	10.71
	核酸检测能力、费用	5.56	5.56	5.56	3.97	7.14
	新冠疫苗接种计划(及时性和公平性)	5.56	5.56	5.56	3.97	7.14
	医疗系统有效性分数小计	45.91	44.92	43.93	32.15	49.33
	合计总分	93.46	85.00	79.92	69.33	79.19

表9 粤港澳大湾区典型城市的防疫医疗力量得分

图6 粤港澳大湾区典型城市防疫医疗力量比较

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