Please wait a minute...

中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志  2016, Vol. 36 Issue (6): 107-118    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.20160615
综述     
γ-聚谷氨酸基因工程研究进展与展望
吉美萍, 庞艳波, 付丽丽, 那日, 郭九峰, 王志永
内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院 内蒙古自治区离子束生物工程重点实验室 呼和浩特 010021
Study Progress and Prospect on γ-poly Glutamic Acid Genetic Engineering
JI Mei-ping, PANG Yan-bo, FU Li-li, NA Ri, GUO Jiu-feng, WANG Zhi-yong
Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering in Autonomous Region, Huhhot 010021, China
 全文: PDF(781 KB)   HTML
摘要:

γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种天然高分子可降解、环境友好型的新型阴离子聚合物。目前发现多种芽孢杆菌、古细菌和一种真核生物均可合成γ-PGA。根据其合成是否需要外加谷氨酸分为谷氨酸依赖性和谷氨酸非依赖型。γ-PGA的合成基因分为结合型的cap系和游离型的pgs系,其表达产物组成的γ-PGA合成酶复合体调节着γ-PGA的合成和转运。由于γ-PGA具有水溶性好、保湿性好、吸水性好、良好的生物兼容性和生物可降解性、可食用、对环境无污染等优点,在医药、农业、食品、环境、化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用前景。主要对γ-PGA的结构特点、微生物合成、相关基因、合成机理、应用、诱变处理进行综述。以期通过物理和化学等技术的诱变,获得γ-PGA的高产菌株,为提高γ-PGA产量提供依据。

关键词: 基因γ-PGA诱变    
Abstract:

γ-poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural,biodegradable,new anionic polymer and synthesized by some bacillus and archaea and one eukaryote.They are divided into glutamate-dependent and non-dependent glutamate.The gene required for γ-PGA contain capsule and polyglutamate synthase.The synthesize organized by the responding expressed protein regulates the synthesis and transport of γ-PGA.γ-PGA is friendly to environment with characteristics of good water solubility, moisture resistance, water absorption, good biological compatibility and biodegradable, edible and environmental pollution, etc..Therefore,γ-PGA and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range of application prospects such as medicine, agriculture, food, environment, cosmetics. The structural characteristics of γ-PGA, the microbial synthesis related genes, synthesis mechanism, application, mutagenic treatment were focused on.Using technology of physics and chemistry to mutagenize can achieve high-yielding strains of γ-PGA,which provide the basis for improving production of γ-PGA.

Key words: Gene    Mutagenesis    γ-PGA
收稿日期: 2015-11-30 出版日期: 2016-06-25
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助:

国家自然科学基金(50267014)资助项目

通讯作者: 吉美萍, 那日     E-mail: 1107438174@qq.com;nari6363@sina.com
服务  
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
RSS
作者相关文章  

引用本文:

吉美萍, 庞艳波, 付丽丽, 那日, 郭九峰, 王志永. γ-聚谷氨酸基因工程研究进展与展望[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2016, 36(6): 107-118.

JI Mei-ping, PANG Yan-bo, FU Li-li, NA Ri, GUO Jiu-feng, WANG Zhi-yong. Study Progress and Prospect on γ-poly Glutamic Acid Genetic Engineering. China Biotechnology, 2016, 36(6): 107-118.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.20160615        https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2016/V36/I6/107

[1] Ivanovics G B.Chemische and immunologische studien uber mechanimus der milzbrandinfektion and immunitat;die chemische strukt under kapdelsubstanz des milzbrandbasillus undder serologisch identischen spezifischen substanzdes Bacillus mesentericus. Immunitatsforsch, 1937, 90:304-318.
[2] Bovarnick M J.The formation of extracellular D-ghrtamic acid polypeptide by Bacillus subtilis.J Biol Chem,1942,145(7):415-442.
[3] 鞠蕾,马霞,徐弇豪.γ-聚谷氨酸提取条件的优化.食品工业科技,2012,33(4):299-303. Ju L,Ma X,Xu Y H.Optimization of γ-polyglutamic acid extraction condition.Science and Technology of Food Industry,2012,33(4):299-303.
[4] Ashiuchi M, Kamei Misono H. Poly-gamma-glutamate synthesis of Bacillus subtilis.Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic,2003,23(2-6):101-106.
[5] Rao M V,Atreyi M, Chauhan V S,et al. Solution conformation of poly(L-lysyl-L-glutamic acid) and poly(L-lysyl-L-glutamine). Int J Pept Protein Res,1984,24(1):48-54.
[6] 杨革,陈坚,曲音波,等.细菌聚γ-谷氨酸表征的研究.高分子材料科学与工程,2002,18(4):133-136. Yang G,Chen J,Q Y B, et al.Studies on the characterization of bacterial γ-poly(glutamic acid).Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2002,18(4):133-136.
[7] Borbely M, Nagasaki Y, Borbely J, et al. Biosynthesis and chemical modification of poly(y-glutamic acid). Polymer Bull, 1994, 32(3):127-132.
[8] Crescenzi V D, Alagni M, Dentini M, et al. Aqueous solution properties of bacterial poly-D-glutamate. ACS Symp Ser, 1996, 627(4):233-242.
[9] Goto A, Kunioka M. Biosynthesis and hydrolysis of poly (γ-glumatic acid) from Bacillus subtilis IF03335.Biosci Biotec Biochem,1992,63(1):110-115.
[10] Negus D, Burn J, Sweed A, et al. Poly-d-glutatin is acid capsule interferes with lytic infection of Bacillus anthrariss by B.Anthracis specific bacteriophages.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2013, 79 (2):714-717.
[11] Hezayen F F, Rehmb H A, Eberhardt R, et al. Polymer production by two newly isolated extremely halophilic archaea:application of a novel corrosion-resistant bioreactor.Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,2000,54(3):319-325.
[12] Weber J.Poly(Glutamic acid) S are the major constituents of nematecvsts in hydra (hydrozoa, cnidaria).Journal of Biological Chemistry,1990,265(17):9664-9669.
[13] Kocianova S,Vuong C,Yao Y F, et al. Key role of poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid in immune evasion and virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis.Journal of Clinical lnvestigation,2005,115(3):688-694.
[14] 王浩,杨丽萍,乔君.γ-聚谷氨酸的研究进展.山东食品发酵,2011,163(4):30-34. Wang H,Yang L P, Qiao J.Study of Poly-γ-glutamic acid.Shandong Food Fermentution.2011,163(4):30-34.
[15] Jeong J H, Kim J N, Wee Y J, et al. The statistically optimized production of poly (γ-glutamic acid) by batch fermentation of a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis RKY3. Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4533-4539.
[16] 刘晓鸥,李睿颖,徐勇虎,等.聚谷氨酸的生物合成及应用前景.食品工程,2009,3(1):23-27. Liu X O,Li R Y,Xu Y H, et al.Research advances of biosynthes is of poly-γ-glutamic acid and applications and prospect.Food Engineering,2009,3(1):23-27.
[17] Goto A,Kunioka M.Biosynthesis and hydrolysis of Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) from Bacillus subtilis IFO3335.Bioscience Bio-technology and Biochemistry,1992,63(1):110-115.
[18] Hidetoshi K,Toshio M,Kazumichi U,et al.Production of poly (γ-glutamic acid) by Bacillus subtilis F-2-01.Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistey,1993,57(7):1212-1213.
[19] Yoon S H, Do J H, Lee S Y, et al. Production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by fed-batch culture of Bacillus licheformis. Biotechnology Letters, 2000,22(7):585-588.
[20] Gardner J M,Troy F A.Chemistry and biosyn-thesis of the poly (gamma-D-glutamyl) capsule in Bacillus lichenformrs.Activation,racemization and polymerization of glutamic acid by a membranous polyglutamyl synthetase complex.The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1979, 254(14):6262-6269.
[21] Ashiuchi M,Kamei T,Baek D H,et al.Isolation of Bacillus subtilis (chungkookjang),a poly-γ-glutamate producer with high genetic competence.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2001,57(5-6):764-769.
[22] 杨革,陈坚,曲音波,等.C源和Mn2+对地衣芽孢杆菌WBL-3生产γ-谷氨酸的影响.化工学报,2002,53(3):317-320. Yang G,Chen J,Qu Y B,et al.Effects of carbon source and manganese ion on production γ-poly(glutamate) by Bacillus licheniformis WBL-3.Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering,2002,53(3):317-320.
[23] 张业伟,魏雪团,胡中波,等.地衣芽孢杆菌P-104发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸条件优化.过程工程学报,2012,12(2):288-292. Zang Y W,Wei X T,Hu Z B, et al.Optimization of γ-polyglutamic acid production by Bacillus licheniformis P-104.The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2012,12(2):288-292.
[24] Ito Y, Tanaka T, Ohmachi T, et al. Glutamic acid independent production of poly (γ-glutamic acid) by Bacillus subtilis TAM-4. Bioscience Biotechnology Biochemistry,1996, 60(8):1239-1242.
[25] Cheng C,AsadaY,Aida T.Production of γ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus licheniformis A35 under denitrifying conditions.Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1989,53(9):2369-2375.
[26] Ogawa Y,Yamaguchi F,Yuasa K,et al.Effi-cient production of γ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis (natto) in jar fermenters.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1997,61:110-115.
[27] 李文倩.γ-聚谷氨酸发酵及提取工艺研究.济南:山东轻工业学院,2010. Li W Q.Study on the fermentation and extraction technology of poly-γ-glutamic acid.Jinan:Shandong Polytechnic University,2010.
[28] 何剑,雍晓雨,周俊,等.一株γ-多聚谷氨酸生产菌的分离筛选与鉴定.生物加工过程,2014,12(4):87-93. He J,Yong X Y,Zhou J,et al.Isolation and identification of Bacillus strain producing γ-polyglutamic acid.Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering,2014,12(4):87-93.
[29] Ashiuchi M,Shimanouchi K,Nakamura H, et al.Enzymatic synthesis of high-molecular-mass poly-gamma-glutamate and regulation of its stereochemistry.Applied and Environment Microbiology,2004,70(7):4249-4255.
[30] Eveland S S,Pompliano D L,Anderson M S.Conditionally lethal Escherchia coli murein contain point defects that map to regions conserved among mureinand folyl poly-gamma-glutamate ligases.Identification of a ligase superfamily.Biochemistry,1997,36(20):6223-6229.
[31] Urushibata Y,Tokuyama S,Tahara Y. Characterization of the Bacillus subtili.s ywsC gene involved in gamma-polyglutamic acid production.Journal of Bacteriology,2002,184 (2):337-343.
[32] Ashiuchi M,Kamei T,Misono H.Poly-gamma-glutamate synthetase complex of Bacillus subtilis.Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic,2003,23 (2-6):101-106.
[33] 姚文娟,范文俊,许小乐,等.γ-聚谷氨酸合成酶系PgsBCA结构的生物信息学分析.南通大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11(2):41-46. Yao W J, Fan W J,Xu X L,et al.Sequence analysis of PgsBCA of poly-γ-glutamate synthetase system.Journal of Nantong University (Natural Science Edition),2012,11(2):41-46.
[34] Mailer U,Antelmann H, Buder T, et al. Bacillus subtilis functional genomics:genome-wide analysis of the DegS-DegC regulon by transcriptomics and protiomics.Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2002,268(4):455-467.
[35] Stanley N R,Lazazzera B A.Defining the genetic differences between wild and domestic strains of Bacillus subtilis that affect poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid production and biofilm formation.Molecular Microbiology,2005,57(4):1143-1158.
[36] Kimura K,TranL S P,Do T H,et al.Expression of the pgsB encoding the poly-gamma-DL-glutamate synthetase of Bacillus subtilis(natto).Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,2009,73(5):1149-1155.
[37] Ashiuchi M,Tani K,Soda K,et al.Properties of glutamate racemase from Bacillus subtilis IFO3336 producing poly-gamma-glutamate.Journal of Biochemistry,1998,123(6):1156-1163.
[38] 吴群,徐虹,许琳.Bacillus subtilis NX-2合成γ-聚谷氨酸的立体构型调控机理.过程工程学报,2006,6(3):458-461. Wu Q,Xu H,Xu L.Regulation of stereochemical composition of poly-γ-glutamic Acid in Bacillus subtilis NX-2.The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2006,6(3):458-461.
[39] Troy F A. Chemistry and hiesynthesis of poly (gamma-d-glutamyl) capsule in Bacillus licherrifornais properties of membrane-mediated biosynthetic reaction.Journal of Biological Chemistry,1973,248(1):305-315.
[40] Ashiuchi M,Nawa C,Kamei T,et al.Physilogical and biochemical characteristics of poly gamma-glutamate synthetase complex of Bacillus subtilis.European Journal of Bio-chemistry,2001,268(20):5321-5328.
[41] 郑重,吴剑光,邱乐泉.微生物聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)合成酶及合成机理的研究进展.生物技术通报,2010,6:52-56. Zheng Z,Wu J G,Qiu L Q, et al.Study progress on poly-γ-glutamate synthetase and synthesis mechanism.Biotechnology Bulletin,2010(6):52-56.
[42] Candela T,Fouet A.Poly-gamma-glutamate in bacteria.Molecular Microbiology,2006,60 (5):1091-1098.
[43] Makino S,Uchida I, Terakado N.Molecular characterization and protein analysis of the cap region,which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillits anthraci.Journal of Bacteriology,1989,171(2):722-730.
[44] Unrushibata Y,Tokttvatn A S,Tahara Y.Difference in tanscription levels of cap genes for γ-poly glutatmic acid production between Bacillus subtilis IFO 16449 and Marburg 168.Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2002,93(2):252-254.
[45] Hara T,Nagatomo S,Ogata S,et al.The DNA sequence of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase gene of Bacillus subtilis (natto) plasmid pUH1. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1992,37(2):211-215.
[46] Nagai T,Koguchi K,Itoh Y.Chemical analysis of poly-γ-glutamic acid produced by plasmid-free Bacillus subtilis (natto): evidence that plasmids are not involved in poly-γ-glutamic acid producton. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology,1997, 43(3):139-143.
[47] Ashiuchi M,Soda K,Misono H.A poly-γ-gltttamate synthetic system of Bacillus sutbtilis IFO 3336:gene cloning and biochemical analysis of poly-γ-glutatmate produced by Escherichia coli clone cells.Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications,1999, 263(1):6-12.
[48] Ashiuchi M,Nawa C,Kamei T,et al. Physiological and biochemicalcharacteristics of poly gamma-glutamate synthetase complex of Bacillus subtilis.European Journal of Biochemistry,2001,268(20):5321-5328.
[49] Xu Q,Sudek S,McMullan D,et al.Strctural basis of murein peptide specificity of a γ-D-glutamyl-L-diatninoacid endopeptidase.Structure,2009,17(2):303-313.
[50] Urutshibata Y,Tokttvatn A S,Tahara Y.Characterization of the Bacillus subtilis ywsC gene, involved in γ-polyglutamic acid production.Journal of Bacteriology,2002,184(2):337-343.
[51] 石峰.微生物制备γ聚谷氨酸的研究.杭州:浙江大学,2006. Shi F.Study on production of poly γglutamic acid by microoganism.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2006.
[52] 马婕,王丹,李强,等.基因工程大肠杆菌合成γ-聚谷氨酸.过程工程学报,2009,9 (4):792-795. Ma J,Wang D,Li Q,et al.Biosynthesis of Poly-γ-glutamate acid by Escherichia coli.The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2009,9 (4):792-795.
[53] 金映虹,刘静,刘莉,等.利用Bacillus licheniformis NK-03合成聚谷氨酸及其合成酶基因pgsBCA的克隆.南开大学学报(自然科学版),2008,41(3):57-63. Jin Y H,Liu J,Liu L,et al.Production of poly (γ-glutamic acid)by Bacillus licheniformis NK-03 and cloning of γ-PGA biosynthesis genes.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis,2008,41(3):57-63.
[54] 曹名锋,金映虹,解慧,等.γ-聚谷氨酸的微生物合成、相关基因及应用展望.微生物学通报,2011,38(3):388-395. Cao M F,Jin Y H,Xie H,et al.Biosynthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid),its related genes and application prospects.Microbiology China,2011,38(3):388-395.
[55] 冯志彬,程仕伟,缪静,等.γ-聚谷氨酸生产菌的选育及培养条件研究.生物加工过程,2010,8(1):40-44. Feng Z B, Cheng S W, Miao J,et al.Screening and optimizing culture conditions of Bacillus strain for producing γ-polyglutamic acid.Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering,2010,8(1):40-44.
[56] 索晨,梅乐和,黄俊,等.60Coγ射线诱变选育聚谷氨酸高产菌株及培养基初步优化.高校化学工程学报,2007,21(5):820-825. Suo C,Mei L H,Huang J,et al.Selection of γ-poly glutamic acid high yield strain by 60Co γ-irradiationand the optimization of its culture medium.Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2007,21(5):820-825.
[57] 陈咏竹.γ-多聚谷氨酸生产菌的诱变选育及重金属吸附的应用研究.成都:四川大学,2005. Chen Y Z.Mutation breeding of production of γ-poly(glutamic acid) and applied study on absorption of Cu2+ by γ-poly glutamic acid.Chengdu:Sichuan University,2005.
[58] 张姝,李楠,黄登禹,等.γ-聚谷氨酸高产菌株Bacillus natto S003-D(16)的选育和优化.中国酿造,2009,202(1):70-73. Zhang S,Li N,Huang D Y,et al.Screening of high yield strain Bacillus natto S003-D16 producing γ-Polygluamic acid and its optimization of fermentation conditions.China Brewing,2009,202(1):70-73.
[59] 杜沛,宴正,陈双喜.γ-聚谷氨酸高产菌株的选育及发酵条件优化.河南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(2):179-184. Du P,Yan Z,Chen S X.High production strain breeding for γ-polyglutamic acid and its fermentation conditions optimization.Journal of Henan University (Natural Science),2010,40(2):179-184.
[60] 李楠,黄登禹,李飞,等.γ-聚谷氨酸产生菌S004-50-01的筛选和优化培养.食品与发酵工业,2006,32(6):1-4. Li N,Huang D Y,Li F,et al.Screening of Bacillus natto S004-50-01 producing γ-polyglutamic acid and optimization of fermentation culture.Food and Fermentation Industries,2006,32(6):1-4.
[61] 疏秀林,施庆珊,冯静,等.一株非谷氨酸依赖型聚γ-谷氨酸高产菌株的鉴定与诱变育种.微生物学通报,2009,36(5):705-710. Shu X L,Shi Q S,Feng J,et al.Identification and simulation mutation of a high-productive strain of poly (γ-glutamic acid) independent of glutamic acid.Microbiology China,2009,36(5):705-710.
[62] 黄金,陈宁. γ-聚谷氨酸的性质与生产方法.发酵科技通讯,2005,26(4):44-48. Huang J,Chen N.The property and production of γ-polyglutamic acid.Fermentation Technology Communication,2005,26(4):44-48.
[63] Sanda F,Fujiyama T,Endo T.Chemical synthesis of poly-gamma-glutamic acid by polycondensation of gamma-glutamic acid dimer:Synthesis and reaction of poly-gamma-glutamic acid methyl ester.Journal of Polymer Science PartA-polymer Chemistry,2001,39(5):732-741.
[64] 张富仓,康绍忠.BP保水剂及其对土壤与作物的效应.农业工程学报,1999,15(2):74-78. Zhang F C,Kang S Z.Water retaining BP agent and its effect on soil and crops.Transaction of the CSAE,1999,15(2):74-78.
[65] 张斌,金莉.固定化酶及其在食品中的应用.中国食品添加剂,2006,4(1):147-150. Zhang B, Jin L.Immobilized enzyme and its application in the food industry.China Food Additives,2006,4(1):147-150.
[66] 刘静,程显好,刘伟,等.固态发酵生产多聚谷氨酸培养条件的优化.食品与药品,2011,13(3):85-89. Liu J,Cheng X H, Liu W,et al.Optimization of solid fermentation conditions to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid.Food and Drug,2011,13(3):85-89.
[67] 王浩,杨丽萍,乔君,等.γ-聚谷氨酸的研究进展.山东食品发酵,2011,163(4):30-34. Wang H,Yang L P, Qiao J,et al.Study of Poly-γ-glutamic acid.Shandong Food Fermentation,2011,163(4):30-34.
[68] Meshnick S K, Smith C.Capacity of a cis-diammineplatinum(II)-poly-glutamic acid complex to cure trypanosome congolense infection in mice.Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,1984,25(2):286-288.
[69] Avichezer D, Amon R.Functional polymers in drug delivery:carier-support CDDP(cis-platin) complexs of polycarboxslates effect on human ovarian carcinoma.React Funct Polym,1998,36(1):59-69.
[70] 彭银仙,徐虹,陈国广,等.新型药物载体聚谷氨酸的合成及其应用.中国新药杂志,2002(7):515-519. Peng Y X,Xu H,Chen G G,et al.Synthesis and application of new drug carrier polyglutamic acid.Chinese Journal of New Drugs,2002(7):515-519.
[71] 叶海峰.γ-聚谷氨酸-顺铂复合物的制备及其抗肿瘤活性研究.上海:上海华东师范大学,2007. Ye H F.Preparation and anticancer activity of poly(γ-glutamic acid)-cisplatin conjugate.Shanghai:Shanghai East China Normal University,2007.
[72] Yamaguchi S,Tatumi T,Takehara T,et al.Eph A2 derived peptide vaccine with amphiphilic poly (γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles elicits an anti-tumor effect against mouse liver tumor. Cancer Immunol Immun,2010,59(5):759-767.
[73] Mitsuiki M,Mizuno A,Tanimoto H,et al. Relationship between the antifreeze activities and the chemical structures of oligo and poly(glutamic acids).Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1998,46(3):891-895.
[74] Yao J,Xu H,Wang J,et al.Removal of Cr(IH), Ni(II) and Cu(II) bypoly (γ-glutamic acid) from Bacillus subtilis NX-2. J Biomat Sci,2007,18(2):193-204.
[75] 张绪瑛,刘雯,黄静.γ-聚谷氨酸锰的制备及其性质研究.云南大学学报,2009,31(2):204-207. Zhang X Y,Liu W,Huang J.Diversity of heteropteran communities in lac plantation-farmland ecosystem.Journal of Yunnan University,2009,31(2):204-207.
[76] 王传海,何都良,郑有飞,等.保水剂新材料γ-聚谷氨酸的吸水性能和生物学效应的初步研究.中国农业气象,2004,25(2):19-22. Wang C H,He D L,Zhang Y F,et al.A preliminary study on water absorption properties and biological effects of a new water-holding agent γ-poly glutamate.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2004,25(2):19-22.
[77] 游庆红,张新民,陈国广,等.γ-聚谷氨酸的生物合成及应用.现代化工,2002,22(12): 56-59. You Q H,Zhang X M,Chen G G,et al.Biosynthesis and application of poly(γ-glutamic acid).Modern Chemical Industry,2002,22(12): 56-59.
[78] 黄金,陈宁.γ-聚谷氨酸的性质与生产方法.氨基酸和生物资源,2004,26(4):44-48. Huang J,Chen N.The Property and production of γ-polyglutamic acid.Amino Acids & Biotic Resources,2004,26(4):44-48.
[79] 汪德生,付蕾,郎威明,等.γ-聚谷氨酸与化学絮凝剂絮凝性能对比研究.安全与环境学报,2007,7(6):48-50. Wang D S,Fu L,Lang W M,et al.Comparative study on flocculation capability between biofiocculanty γ-PGA and chemical.Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(6):48-50.
[80] 何观辉.聚谷氨酸与聚谷氨酸水胶-化妆品原料家族中的新"明星".中国化妆品专业版,2006,1(5):14-15. He G H.γ-PGA(gamma-polyglimatic acid) and γ-PGA hydrogel.Chinese Cosmetics Professional Edition,2006,1(5):14-15.
[81] 施庆珊.γ-聚谷氨酸的微生物合成与应用.精细与专用化学品,2004,12(11):20-23. Shi Q S.Biosynthesis and application of C-polyglutamic acid.Fine and Specialty Chemicals,2004,12(11):20-23.

[1] 武秀知,王宏杰,祖尧. 斑马鱼hoxa1a基因调控颅面骨骼发育的功能研究*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(9): 20-26.
[2] 贺立恒,张毅,张洁,任豫超,解红娥,唐锐敏,贾小云,武宗信. 基于转录组和WGCNA的甘薯花青素合成相关基因共表达网络的构建及核心基因的挖掘*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(9): 27-36.
[3] 陈亚超,李楠楠,刘子迪,胡冰,李春. 源于甘草内生菌的甘草酸合成相关功能基因的宏基因组挖掘*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(9): 37-47.
[4] 杨柳,牟豪,许国洋,白运川,余远迪. 培养山羊痘病毒常用细胞在X-gal环境中的显色差异分析*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(9): 48-54.
[5] 赵晓煜,徐祺玲,赵晓东,安云飞. 基因治疗慢病毒载体的转导增强策略*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(8): 52-58.
[6] 王晓洁,孟凡强,周立邦,吕凤霞,别小妹,赵海珍,陆兆新. 利用基因组改组技术提高短杆菌素产量及其培养条件优化*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(8): 42-51.
[7] 郭曼曼,田开仁,乔建军,李艳妮. 噬菌体重组酶系统在合成生物学中的应用*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(8): 90-102.
[8] 王宇轩,陈婷,张永亮. MiR-148生物学功能研究进展*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(7): 74-80.
[9] 梁晋刚,张旭冬,毕研哲,王颢潜,张秀杰. 转基因抗虫玉米发展现状与展望*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(6): 98-104.
[10] 胡暄,王松,于学玲,张晓鹏. 不稳定EGFP细胞模型的构建及其在基因编辑体系评价中的应用*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(5): 17-26.
[11] 王艳梅,寇航,马梅,申玉玉,赵宝顶,路福平,黎明. 利用CRISPR-Cas9技术失活黑曲霉中果胶酶基因及突变株性能评价*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(5): 35-44.
[12] 冷燕,孙康泰,刘倩倩,蒲阿庆,李翔,万向元,魏珣. 全球基因编辑作物监管趋势研究[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(12): 24-29.
[13] 何伟,祝蕾,刘欣泽,安学丽,万向元. 玉米遗传转化与商业化转基因玉米开发*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(12): 13-23.
[14] 杨梦冰,江易林,祝蕾,安学丽,万向元. CRISPR/Cas植物基因组编辑技术及其在玉米中的应用*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(12): 4-12.
[15] 殷芳冰,王成,龙艳,董振营,万向元. 玉米雌穗性状遗传分析与形成机制*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(12): 30-46.