冠状病毒的研究现状 <sup>*</sup>

doi:10.13523/j.cb.2002101

中国生物工程杂志

2020, Vol. 40

Issue (1-2): 1-20 DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2002101

冠状病毒药物研发与技术情报专辑

冠状病毒的研究现状 ^*

科睿唯安

Current Status of Research on Coronavirus

Clarivate Analytics

全文: PDF(1456 KB) HTML

摘要：

2019年新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情爆发后,引起国际社会高度重视。本文对Cortellis药物研发综合情报平台的冠状病毒综述报告《Disease Briefing: Coronaviruses》(2020年1月30日)重要内容进行摘编,旨在通过全面梳理冠状病毒的诊断、预防和治疗的研究进展,为当前疫情的科学研究提供参考。

Abstract:

The outbreak of COVID-2019 has attracted the attention of the international community. This comprehensive review summarizes the research progress of the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which were extracted and compiled from the Cortellis report DISEASE BRIEFING: CORONAVIRUSES (published on January 30th, 2020), in order to provide reference for the scientific research of current epidemic situation.

出版日期: 2020-03-27

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引用本文:

科睿唯安. 冠状病毒的研究现状 ^*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2020, 40(1-2): 1-20.

Clarivate Analytics. Current Status of Research on Coronavirus. China Biotechnology, 2020, 40(1-2): 1-20.

链接本文:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2002101 或 https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2020/V40/I1-2/1

图1 数字彩色透射电子显微镜(TEM)图像图片来源:疾控中心/ Fred Murphy; Sylvia Whitfield

科/特征	病毒	疾病
正粘液病毒(正粘液病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负义基因组;分段基因组)	甲型和乙型流感病毒	上呼吸道感染
正粘液病毒(正粘液病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负义基因组;分段基因组)	甲型和乙型流感病毒	义膜性喉炎
副液粘病毒(副粘液病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负义基因组;非分段基因组)	副流感病毒1-3	上呼吸道感染、义膜性喉炎
	呼吸道合胞病毒	上呼吸道感染、义膜性喉炎
	麻疹病毒	麻疹
	腮腺炎	无菌性脑膜炎
冠状病毒(冠状病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;正义基因组)	人冠状病毒	上呼吸道感染
弹状病毒科(Rhabdoviridae)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负义基因组;非分段基因组)	狂犬病病毒	狂犬病
小核糖核酸病毒(小核糖核酸病毒科)单链RNA,无包膜	鼻病毒	普通感冒
	甲型肝炎病毒	肝炎
	肠道病毒:	瘫痪
	脊髓灰质炎病毒	急性出血性结膜炎
	柯萨奇A24病毒	心肌炎、心包炎
	柯萨奇B病毒	无菌性脑膜炎
	柯萨奇B1-5病毒	无菌性脑膜炎
	柯萨奇A9病毒	无菌性脑膜炎、脑炎
	埃可病毒
杯状病毒(蚌状瘸毒科)单链RNA,无包膜	诺瓦克病毒	胃肠炎
肝炎病毒(Hepeviridae)单链RNA,无包膜	戊型肝炎	肝炎
披膜病毒(披膜病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;正义基因组)	甲病毒(A组虫媒病毒)	脑炎、出血热、基孔肯雅风疹
披膜病毒(披膜病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;正义基因组)	风疹病毒	脑炎、出血热、基孔肯雅风疹
黄病毒(黄病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;正义基因组)	B组虫媒病毒	脑炎、出血热
	丙型肝炎病毒	肝炎
	登革热病毒	登革热
	寨卡病毒	寨卡
布尼亚病毒(布尼亚病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负义基因组;分段基因组)	一些虫媒病毒	脑炎、出血热
布尼亚病毒(布尼亚病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负义基因组;分段基因组)	汉坦病毒	发热、肾脏受损
呼肠孤病毒(呼肠孤病毒科)双链RNA,无包膜	人轮状病毒	胃肠炎
沙粒病毒(沙粒病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负链基因组;分段基因组)	淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎	脑膜炎
	LCM病毒
	拉沙病毒	出血热
逆转录病毒(逆转录病毒科)单链RNA,包膜(DNA复制步骤)	HTLV-I、HTLV-II	T细胞白血病、淋巴瘤、轻瘫
逆转录病毒(逆转录病毒科)单链RNA,包膜(DNA复制步骤)	HIV-1、HIV-2	艾滋病
丝状病毒(丝状病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负链基因组;非分段基因组)	马尔堡病毒	马尔堡病
丝状病毒(丝状病毒科)单链RNA,有包膜(复制无DNA步骤;负链基因组;非分段基因组)	埃博拉病毒	埃博拉出血热

表1 重要的RNA病毒列表

表2 冠状病毒在研疫苗详情

表3 SARS感染药物治疗研究结果

药物名称	公司/机构	作用机制	适应症	技术类型
瑞德西韦Remdesivir	吉利德科学	RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶抑制剂	2019-nCoV:临床III期 MERS/SARS: 临床前 Ebola: 临床II/III期	小分子
洛匹那韦/利托那韦Lopinavir/ritonavir	华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院	HIV-1 蛋白酶抑制剂	2019-nCoV: 临床III期	小分子
地瑞拉韦/可比司他 Darunavir/cobicistat	上海市公共卫生临床中心	HIV蛋白酶抑制剂/细胞色素P450 CYP3A4 抑制剂	2019-nCoV: 临床	小分子
奥司他韦磷酸盐Oseltamivir phosphate	华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院	唾液酸苷酶抑制剂(流感病毒)抑制剂	2019-nCoV: 临床	小分子
盐酸阿比多尔Umifenovir hydrochloride	华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院	病毒进入抑制剂/衣壳组装(乙型肝炎病毒)调节剂	2019-nCoV: 临床	小分子
抗MERS病毒康复期血浆疗法	阿卜杜拉国王国际医学研究中心	N/A	Ebola:临床II/III期 (未达到终点) MERS: 临床 II期 (试验停止)	恢复期患者血浆输注
REGN-3048-3051	再生元	抗突蛋白(MERS病毒)	MERS: 临床I期	多抗体疗法
REGN-3048	再生元	抗突蛋白(MERS病毒)	MERS: 临床I期	单克隆抗体
REGN-3051	再生元	抗突蛋白(MERS病毒)	MERS: 临床I期	单克隆抗体
SAB-301	SAB Biotherapeutics	抗突蛋白(MERS病毒)	MERS: 临床I期	多克隆抗体
LCA-60	Humabs BioMed	抗突蛋白(MERS病毒)	MERS: 临床前	单克隆抗体
人白细胞干扰素 alpha	AIM ImmunoTech	N/A	MERS: 临床前	多肽
nafamostat	东京大学	丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂	MERS: 临床前	重组蛋白
AM-1	国立中兴大学;爱荷华大学	核蛋白抑制剂	MERS: 临床前	小分子
DEF-201	Defyrus Inc; H&P Labs Inc	干扰素alpha配体	SARS: 临床前	重组蛋白
LB-2	Global BioLife Inc	N/A	SARS/MERS: 临床前	生物疗法
抗病毒孔蛋白疗法	Biotron Ltd	N/A	冠状病毒感染: 药物发现	小分子
DPP4-Fc	Planet Biotechnology Inc	二肽基肽酶IV调节剂	MERS: 药物发现	融合蛋白
MERS-CoV therapeutics	NanoViricides Inc	N/A	MERS: 药物发现	重组蛋白
ranpirnase	Tamir Biotechnology Inc	核糖核酸酶刺激剂	SARS; MERS: 药物发现	小分子
repurposed therapeutics	Signia Therapeutics	N/A	MERS: 药物发现	抗体
rintatolimod	AIM ImmunoTech Inc	2,5-寡腺苷酸合成酶刺激剂; 干扰素1型受体激动剂; 核糖核酸酶刺激剂; TLR-3激动剂	SARS: 药物发现	单克隆抗体
CYNK-001	Sorrento Therapeutics Inc; Celularity Inc	N/A	2019-nCoV: 药物发现	细胞疗法

表4 当前抗冠状病毒药物研发管线

图2 SARS-CoV感染靶点全景注:箭头表示正效应;横线表示负效应。灰色或浅色符号是未经验证的蛋白质靶点(即,未处于活性开发阶段[UAD])。红色边框内的粉红色文本框表示已验证的基因靶点。黄色文本框代表未验证的基因靶点。紫色和粉红色文本框分别表示细胞外和细胞内效应。绿色文本框表示相关疾病/病况/症状。

图3 MERS-CoV感染靶点全景注:箭头表示正效应;横线表示负效应。灰色或浅色符号是未经验证的蛋白质靶点(即,未处于活性开发阶段)。红色边框内的粉红色文本框表示已验证的基因靶点。黄色文本框代表未验证的基因靶点。紫色和粉红色文本框分别表示细胞外和细胞内效应。绿色文本框表示相关疾病/病况/症状。

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