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中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2023, Vol. 43 Issue (4): 41-50    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2210051
    
Global Gene Transcriptome Analysis for Enhanced Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Fermentation Performance by Polyphosphates
LU Nan-xun1,Wang Li-wei1,LIU Mei-xiu1,ZHANG Zhong-hua1,CHANG Jing-ling1,2,LI Zhi-gang1,2,**()
1. School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Modem Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Abstract  

Objective: To explore the mechanism for enhanced cAMP fermentation production by polyphosphates, Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 culture was carried out under low-polyphosphates addition condition as the starting strain. Methods: Fermentations with/without hexametaphosphate addition were conducted in a 7 L bioreactor and the fermentation performance, global gene transcriptome, key enzymes activities together with important metabolites levels were analyzed systematically. Results: With 2 g/L-broth sodium hexametaphosphate added at 24 h, cAMP concentration reached 3.64 g/L with an increment of 33.82% higher than that of control group and the fermentation performance was also promoted obviously. Transcriptome analysis showed that 227 genes were up-regulated significantly and 265 genes were down-regulated significantly due to the addition of hexametaphosphate. For glycometabolism, the transcription levels of key enzyme genes in pentose phosphate pathway and cAMP synthesis pathway were enhanced significantly and for energy metabolism the transcription levels of complex Ⅲ, complex Ⅳ as well as F0F1-ATPase in electron transport chain and polyphosphate kinase gene were also increased significantly by which sufficient carbon skeleton and ATP were provided for cAMP biosynthesis. In addition, transcription levels of reductase genes, such as thioredoxin, catalase and CLP protease, were also increased significantly whereby intracellular redox balance was maintained conducive to cell metabolism and product synthesis. Finally, the activities of pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphoglucose dehydrogenase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, adenylate cyclase, catalase, polyphosphate kinase and intracellular ROS, ATP and NADPH levels under different fermentation conditions were measured to further support the transcriptome analysis results. Conclusion: Sodium hexametaphosphate addition enhanced the carbon flux distribution in pentose phosphate pathway and cAMP synthesis pathway and energy metabolism for ATP synthesis. At the same time, intracellular redox balance was also maintained. Furthermore, cAMP fermentation synthesis and accumulation was promoted significantly.



Key wordsPolyphosphates      Transcriptome analysis      Redox balance      Energy metabolism      Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)     
Received: 29 October 2022      Published: 04 May 2023
ZTFLH:  Q819  
Cite this article:

LU Nan-xun, Wang Li-wei, LIU Mei-xiu, ZHANG Zhong-hua, CHANG Jing-ling, LI Zhi-gang. Global Gene Transcriptome Analysis for Enhanced Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Fermentation Performance by Polyphosphates. China Biotechnology, 2023, 43(4): 41-50.

URL:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.2210051     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2023/V43/I4/41

低聚磷酸盐 添加量/(g·L-1-broth) 添加时间/h
0 12 24 36 48
Na5P3O10 1 1.74±0.02 1.86±0.03 2.01±0.07 1.95±0.03 1.78±0.02
2 1.88±0.04 2.17±0.02 2.24±0.05 2.13±0.04 2.03±0.05
3 1.81±0.03 2.09±0.04 2.12±0.06 2.07±0.07 1.97±0.03
4 1.72±0.05 1.94±0.07 2.07±0.03 1.91±0.09 1.83±0.06
(NaPO3)6 1 1.84±0.08 2.13±0.06 2.47±0.02 2.24±0.06 2.12±0.02
2 2.01±0.04 2.54±0.03 2.82±0.04 2.67±0.04 2.36±0.04
3 1.93±0.02 2.37±0.05 2.53±0.07 2.38±0.03 2.14±0.03
4 1.87±0.03 2.15±0.04 2.21±0.06 2.16±0.08 2.04±0.07
对照 0 1.66±0.04 - - - -
Table 1 The effects of low-polyphosphates addition condition on cAMP fermentation production
Fig.1 The effects of sodium hexametaphosphate on cAMP fermentation performance (a) Time courses of cell and glucose contents (b) Time courses of cAMP and hypoxanthine contents (c) Time courses of cell viability (d) Time courses of CO2 ratios in exhaust gas
Fig.2 Mathematical statistics for significantly differential expression genes
Fig.3 Functional classification for differential expression genes based on Gene Ontology database
Fig.4 The effects of sodium hexametaphosphate on key enzymes genes transcription levels in glucose metabolism and cAMP synthesis pathway Red arrow: Significant upregulation; Blue arrow: Significant downregulation; Black arrow: No significant differences; Value: Folds of upregulation or downregulation; glk: Glucokinase; pgi: Glucose phosphate isomerase; pfk: Phosphofructokinase; pgk: Phosphoglyceric kinase; eno: Enolase; sucB: Pyruvate dehydrogenase; leuC: Aconitase; zwf: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; pgl: Lactonase; rpiB: Ribose-5-phosphoisomerase; prsA: Ribose-5-phosphate pyrophosphokinase; purF: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate transamidase; purD: Phosphoribosyl-glycinamide synthetase; purL: Methylglycinamidine nucleotide synthetase; purM: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase; purE: Aminoimidazole nucleotide carboxylase; purA: Adenylosuccinate synthetase; adk: Monophospnucleophosphate kinase; ndk: Nucleoside diphosphokinase; ac: Adenylate cyclase; iunH: Nucleoside hydrolase
Name Gene ID Fold change Description
qcrB Gene 2735 1.24 Cytochrome bc complex cytochrome b subunit
cydB Gene 1177 1.38 Cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase subunit II
coxC Gene 2738 1.33 Cytochrome C oxidase subunit III
coxA Gene 2731 1.26 Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I
atpA Gene 0526 1.21 F0F1 ATP synthase subunit alpha
atpB Gene 0530 1.27 F0F1 ATP synthase subunit A
atpC Gene 0523 1.29 ATP synthase epsilon chain
ppx Gene 0866 1.26 Exopolyphosphatase
ccdA Gene 1569 1.54 Cytochrome C biogenesis protein
Table 2 Differential expression genes associated with energy metabolism under sodium hexametaphosphate added condition
Name Gene ID Fold change Description
katE Gene 0919 1.22 Catalase
katG Gene 3837 1.21 Catalase/peroxidase HPI
trxA Gene 0119 1.50 Thioredoxin family protein
cydCD Gene 1178 1.40 Cysteine transport
ybbN Gene 0513 1.34 Thioredoxin
clpS Gene 0502 1.25 Protein catabolic process
clpX Gene 2585 1.23 ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit
nei Gene 2591 1.50 Fpg/Nei family DNA glycosylase
mutM Gene 0424 1.49 Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase
Table 3 Differential expression genes associated with intracellular redox balance maintaining under sodium hexametaphosphate added condition
Fig.5 The effects of sodium hexametaphosphate on key enzymes activities and important metabolites levels in related cAMP synthesis pathways (a) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on PK activities (b) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on G6PDH activities (c) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on sAMPase activities (d) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on AC activities (e) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on PPK activities (f) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on CAT activities (g) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on ATP/AMP ratios (h) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on NADPH/NADP+ ratios (i) The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on ROS levels
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