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中国生物工程杂志

China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology
China Biotechnology  2020, Vol. 40 Issue (5): 105-116    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.1912023
    
Recent Progress on Fermentation and Antibacterial Applications of Surfactin
MEI Yu-wei,YANG Zi-yun,YU Fan,LONG Xu-wei()
Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094,China
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Abstract  

Surfactin is a kind of cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant mainly synthesized by many Bacillus subtilis strains. Surfactin is well-accepted as one of the most powerful biosurfactants, presents excellent surface activities, can significantly reduce the surface tension force of water to below 27mN/m at a concentration of 10-30mg/L. In addition, surfactin has great biological activities like: anti-fungal, anti-virus, anti-tumor, insecticidal and anti-mycoplasma, and thus has of great applications potential in the fields of medicine, agriculture, food, cosmetics and petroleum industries. However, its real industrial applications were limited by the high production cost and lack of specific application yields. Many efforts have been done towards the improvement of surfactin production. The recent progresses on surfactin production, and its applications as an antibacterial agent have been reviewed.

Key words： Surfactin      Bacillus      Biosurfactant      Antibacterial     
Received: 14 December 2019      Published: 02 June 2020
ZTFLH:  Q815  
Corresponding Authors: Xu-wei LONG     E-mail: xuweilong@njust.edu.cn
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Yu-wei MEI
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Xu-wei LONG
Cite this article:

MEI Yu-wei,YANG Zi-yun,YU Fan,LONG Xu-wei. Recent Progress on Fermentation and Antibacterial Applications of Surfactin. China Biotechnology, 2020, 40(5): 105-116.

URL:

https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/10.13523/j.cb.1912023     OR     https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/Y2020/V40/I5/105

Fig.1 Chemical structure of biosurfactant surfactin
Microorganism Scale Surfactin yield(g/L) Reference
B. subtilis ATCC 21332 500ml flask 0.33 [22]
B. amyloliquefaciens MT45 500ml flask 1.04 [23]
B. subtilis CWS1 500ml flask 0.99 [24]
Bacillus subtilis MZ-7 250ml flask 0.28 [25]
Bacillus subtilis BS5 250ml flask 0.3 [26]
Bacillus subtilis E8 3.7L 0.75 [27]
B. subtilis SPB1 250ml flask 0.72 [28]
Microorganism Surfactin yield (g/L) Strain modifications Surfactin yield(g/L) Reference
B. subtilis fmbR 0.38 Replacement of PsrfA with Pspac 3.86 [29]
B. subtilis THY-7 0.55 Replacement of PsrfA with PgroE 0 [30]
Replacement of PsrfA with PsacB 1.09
Replacement of PsrfA with PsacP 0.22
Replacement of PsrfA with Pg1 1.44
Replacement of PsrfA with Pg2 5.98
Replacement of PsrfA with Pg3 9.74
B. subtilis THY-15 1.2 Replacement of PsrfA and Pg3 8.2 [31]
Introduce VHb gene 10.2
B. subtilis 168 0 Introduce srfA gene 0.4 [32]
Deleting the biofilm formation-related genes 1.4
Deleting the nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide
synthase pathways		 1.7
Over-expressing potential self-resistance associated proteins 3.8
Engineering the branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway 8.5
Enhancing srfA transcription 12.8
Table 1 Yield of surfactin produced by different strains
Microorganism Agro-industrial waste Addition of agro-industrial waste Surfactin yield Reference
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XZ-173 Rice straw and soybean flour 5g soybean flour, 4g rice straw, 2%
maltose and 2.65% glycerol		 15.03mg/gds [41]
Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 Rice mill polishing residue Total carbohydrate : 4.76g/L 4.17g/kg residue [42]
Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 Waste frying sunflower oil 50g/L 14.9mg/g [43]
Waste frying rice bran oil 50g/L 11mg/g
Bacillus subtilis Hydrolysis of olive mill waste 5% 26.5mg/L [44]
B. amyloliquefaciens MT45
and B. amyloliquefaciens X82		 Distillers' grains 200g/L 3.4g/L [23]
Bacillus subtilis 37 Feather hydrolysate waste
and glutamate mill waste		 FHW (1%, V/V)
GMW (4%, V/V),		 0.523g/L [45]
Bacillus pumilus UFPEDA 448 Okara 50% 3.3g/kg dry solids [46]
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Rehydrated whey powder 10%~20% 0.18~0.29g/L [47]
Table 2 Production of surfactin using agricultural and industrial waste as carbon source by different Bacillus subtilis
Fig.2 The mechanism of destroying cell membrane treated by surfactin (a)Schematic diagram of inserting into cell membrane (b) Schematic diagram of destroying cell membrane
Microorganism Inhibited-strain MIC(g/L) MBC(g/L) Reference
B. subtilis MSH1 Shigella dysenteriae
Staphylococcus aureus		 0.15
0.2		 0.2
0.25		 [72]
Bacillus subtilis S. aureus ATCC65389 0.032 0.128 [69]
B. subtilis MB198, MB245, MB199,
and MB200		 Candida albicans SC5314 >0.1 [39]
Bacillus safensis F4 Staphylococcus epidermidis S61
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144
Agrobacterium tumefaciens		 6.25
1.56
3.125		 [73]
B. subtilis AM1 Legionella bozemanii ATCC 33217 0.001 [74]
B. subtilis PB2-L1 Fusarium moniliforme ATCC3893 0.05 [75]
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 >0.5 [76]
Bacillus subtilis pB2 Staphylococcus aureus AS1.2465 0.02 [77]
Table 3 MIC and MBC values of surfactin against different strains
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