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中国生物工程杂志

CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY
中国生物工程杂志
中国生物工程杂志  2021, Vol. 41 Issue (4): 64-73    DOI: 10.13523/j.cb.2101004
综述     
微生物tRNA与密码子系统应用研究进展*
廖丹妮,张昭旸,靳瑾,李霞,贾斌()
天津大学化工学院 教育部合成生物学前沿科学中心 系统生物工程教育部重点实验室 天津 300072
Progress in the Study of Microbial tRNA and Genetic Codon System Related Applications
LIAO Dan-ni,ZHANG Zhao-yang,JIN Jin,LI Xia,JIA Bin()
Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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摘要：

tRNA作为生命中心法则中翻译过程的重要参与分子,其种类、丰度都会对蛋白质的正常合成产生巨大影响。近年来通过对微生物tRNA的结构功能以及合成修饰过程的解析获得诸多启发,开展密码子扩展的研究,实现将非天然氨基酸引入特定位置从而获得新功能蛋白。同时,通过化学合成微生物基因组开展的密码子重编码工作将释放更多的密码子与tRNA用于更加广泛的密码子扩展研究。对微生物tRNA与密码子系统在合成生物学中的最新应用研究进展进行了综述,并讨论其未来的发展趋势。
关键词： tRNA;  密码子扩展;  非天然氨基酸;  氨酰tRNA合成酶    
Abstract:

The tRNA are important molecules of the translation process in the central dogma of life. The type and abundance of tRNA have a huge impact on the synthesis of proteins. In recent years, many inspirations have been obtained through the analysis of the structure and function of microbial tRNA and the process of tRNA modification. Moreover, the study of genetic codon expansion has realized the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into specific positions to obtain new functional proteins. At the same time, the codon recoding work carried out through chemical synthesis of microbial genomes will release more codons and tRNAs for more genetic codon expansion research. This work reviewed the latest application research progress of microbial tRNA and codon system in synthetic biology, and discussed the future development trend.
Key words: tRNA    Genetic codon expansion    Unnatural amino acid    Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
收稿日期: 2021-01-04 出版日期: 2021-04-30
ZTFLH:  Q819  
基金资助: *国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFA0903702)
通讯作者: 贾斌     E-mail: bin.jia@tju.edu.cn
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廖丹妮
张昭旸
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引用本文:

廖丹妮,张昭旸,靳瑾,李霞,贾斌. 微生物tRNA与密码子系统应用研究进展*[J]. 中国生物工程杂志, 2021, 41(4): 64-73.

LIAO Dan-ni,ZHANG Zhao-yang,JIN Jin,LI Xia,JIA Bin. Progress in the Study of Microbial tRNA and Genetic Codon System Related Applications. China Biotechnology, 2021, 41(4): 64-73.

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https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/10.13523/j.cb.2101004    或    https://manu60.magtech.com.cn/biotech/CN/Y2021/V41/I4/64

图1  tRNA与密码子系统的应用研究
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