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| In Vitro Transcribed Self-amplifying mRNA Vaccines |
JING Hui-yuan1,**( ),DUAN Er-zhen2,DONG Wang1 |
1 Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2 College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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Abstract Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine is a versatile vaccine platform developed from alphavirus expression vector in which the viral replication genes are intact but those viral structural genes are replaced with antigen genes derived from pathogens. These vaccines have emerged as ideal modalities for rapid vaccine design, avoiding the problem of pathogen culture, reversion to pathogenicity and pre-existing immunity. Numerous studies demonstrated that these vaccines could be employed to induce humoral and cellular immune responses in human, mice, rabbits, pigs, avian and even fish. During the past years, focus has been on the use of recombinant single vectored self-replicating mRNA derived from the genome backbone of Sindbis virus, Semliki forest virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Now trans-amplifying RNA and nucleotide modified trans-amplifying RNA vaccines have come into focus as promising next-generation technology platforms for vaccine development. An overview of recent advance in self-replicating RNA vaccines developed from alphavirus expression vectors was presented, with an emphasis on current state of SAM vaccine approaches against emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, and ZIKA virus, and provide perspectives on the future of this technology platform.
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Received: 12 September 2020
Published: 14 January 2021
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Corresponding Authors:
Hui-yuan JING
E-mail: lhsjhy@126.com
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